外星世界（2020）

to be able to start industry in space.
机器人制♥作♥最热门的技术是自我复♥制♥
The Holy Grail of robotics is self-replication. . .
机器能够拷贝自己
a machine that can make copies of itself.
这是拉索尔机器人的备用轮子
This is a spare wheel for RASSOR.
一个机器人利用太空原料 为另一个机器人制♥作♥的机器人部件
A robot part made by a robotxa0 for another robot, using space materials. xa0
这是我们如何将机器人进化成 一个完全封闭的
But this is an early examplexa0 of how we're evolving the robots
能在太空中自我复♥制♥的 机器人生态的一个早期样品
toward a fully closed ecology of robots that can self-reproduce in space.
一旦你有了能自我复♥制♥的机器人 你能去任何地方
Once you've got self-reproducing robots, everywhere is a place you can go.
我觉得那将没有任何限制
I don't think there are any limits.
没有任何生命形式的参与
Without input from any life form,
机器人正在改造星球…
the robots are re-engineering a planet. . .
为殖民做准备
making it ready for colonization.
现在是时候放弃土拉了
Now, it's time to abandon Terra.
每个圆顶都是为这一时刻而设计的…
Each of the domes has been designedxa0 for this moment. . .
进入运行轨道
to get into orbit.
从这里 它们将向新的家园进发
From here, they will travelxa0 to their new home.
这些圆顶有自己的生命支持系统
The domes have their ownxa0 life-support systems.
但对抗太阳辐射的高量喷发
But they're helpless
它们显得无能为力
against a high-energy burstxa0 of solar radiation.
没有东西的进化是为了 可以在太空的真空中生存
Nothing is evolved to survive in the vacuum of space.
这一点对外星人和人类都是一样的
This is as true for aliensxa0 as it is for humans.
迈克尔·福阿莱深知太空旅行的危险
Michael Foale knows all about the dangers of space travel.
1997年 他作为美国客座宇航员登上 俄♥罗♥斯♥的和平号♥空间站
In 1997, he was a guest American astronaut on the Russian Mir space station. . .
当时发生了太空中第一次碰撞
during the first collision in space.
俄♥罗♥斯♥指挥官瓦西里和他的队员们
There was, uh, an attemptxa0 by the Russian commander, xa0Vasily,
试图将一个重达七吨♥的宇宙货舱
and his crewmate to control a cargo ship that weighed seven tons,
和我们的空间站对接
and dock it without the radar,
整个对接过程没有雷达 没有速度和距离的测量
without speed, without distance measurements Dock it to our space station.
我感觉整个空间站…
I felt the station--
我不是感觉了 我是看到整个空间站 在我的周围移♥动♥ 我听到一声巨响
I didn't "felt" it, xa0I saw the stationxa0 move all around me and I heard a thud.
当时我想 “这下完了”xa0我以为我会死
And at that point I thought, "Mm. . . This could be it, you know, where I die. "
因为我看着那些螺栓
Uh, 'cause I'm looking at all these bolts
我当时在等待那些螺栓分开
and I was just waiting for those bolts to part,
太空舱会裂开 我能看到宇宙的真空
and to, kind of, rip openxa0 and just see the vacuum of space.
然后所有风扇 所有灯xa0所有的电脑 都不工作了 当时一片寂静
And then, all the fans, all the lights, all the computers failed and went silent.
我们处在一个完全没有声音的空间站
And now we're inxa0 a completely silent station
温度也在下降
that's getting cold.
我们这里供电中断了
We've lost power.
压力是602
Pressure is at 602.
接着我感觉到耳膜向外鼓
And then my ears started to pop.
我知道我们正在减压
I knew we were depressurizing,
空气正在从空间站向外泄露
and that basically, air was leaving the space station,
如果我们待在那儿不阻止漏气
and we only had 23 minutes left to live,
我们就只能活23分钟
if we stayed there and we didn't stop the leak.
我开始帮着萨沙把电缆拔下来
I started helping Sashaxa0 pull these cables out.
那些电缆很粗 我以为要花好几个小时才能解开
Huge cables I thought would have takenxa0 us hours to undo,
但我们在六分钟内完成了
we did them in six minutes.
我们把盖子拿出来 放上去 盖子一下子就给吸上去了
And we'd take this cap and we'd put it in and it sucks in, and it goes. . . "pew. "
这时候 我们把漏气口堵住了
And at that point, we've stopped the leak.
从太空舱的窗口 我能看到银河系
And it was there in front of the window, looking at the galaxy. . .
我说
I said. . .
“我知道今天是糟糕的一天 但这风景真的非常不错”
"Well, I know it's been a really bad day, but this is an amazingly beautiful view. "
你能感受到宇宙中的各种存在
You're kind of sensing, trying to sense all of the, uh. . . The presence in the. . . in the universe.
迈克尔·福阿莱一共上过六次太空
In total, Michael Foale went into space on six missions.
糟糕 又有头发飞掉了
Oops, more hair going away.
但在太空中的每一秒钟
But every second spent off-world
都会增加他受到的辐射量
increased his dose of radiation.
在地球上我们也受到辐射
We're exposed to radiation on Earth,
但你一旦进入太空轨道
but once you go into orbit,
你受到的辐射是在地球上的数千倍
now you're exposed to thousands of times more radiation.
这种辐射 对我们DNA造成的破坏急剧加速
And that radiation now is damaging our DNA much faster,
我们进化出来的自身修复能力
and the repair mechanismsxa0 that we evolved to have
完全赶不上这种破坏的速度
are not able to cope with it.
当我从太空回到地球
When I came back from my space flights,
我被查出4%的白细胞有DNA变异
they found I had, like, four percent of my white blood cells had DNA mutations.
绝大部分这些变异的细胞 会被机体内其它白细胞吞噬
Most of those mutated cells get killedxa0 by other white blood cells in your body,
但遗憾的是 有一部分变异的细胞不会死
but, some of them, unfortunately, don't die.
它们会复♥制♥、变异 成为癌
They reproduce and mutatexa0 and become cancers.
这是宇航员面对的根本风险
That is a fundamental risk for astronauts.
想象一下 如果我们前往其它星球
And if we imagine going out to stars,
100艘宇宙飞船 也许只有一艘能够最终到达
it could be that, out of a hundred ships, only one of them makes it.
长途太空旅行总是充满风险的…
Long-distance space travelxa0 will always be risky. . .
即使对智慧外星人来说也是如此
even for intelligent aliens.
没有东西防护突然爆发的恒星辐射
There's no protection againstxa0 a sudden blast of stellar radiation.
但对于那些最终到达目的地的
But for those that make itxa0 to the end of the journey,
这是它们的奖励
this is their reward. . .
一个新土拉
a new Terra.
与其去适应一个不同的世界
Rather than adapting to a different world,
它们复♥制♥了一个它们原来的世界
they have created a copyxa0 of their old world.
这是先进文明的好处
Such are the benefitsxa0 of an advanced civilization.
但好时光能延续多久？
But how long will the good times last?
它们的恒星继续增长 越来越大 越来越亮
The star keeps growing, bigger and brighter. . .
喷射出更多的辐射
spitting out more radiation.
最终 它会把新的行星 变成像土拉一样毫无生机
Eventually, it will render the new planet as lifeless as Terra.
然后它们又得搬家
And then they'll need to relocate again,
去另一个离恒星更远的行星
to another planet, further from the star.
这是具有流动性所带来的优势
This is the advantage of being mobile.
使从一个世界转移到另一个世界
It's possible to transitxa0 from world to world,
打造和再次打造家园成为可能
making and remaking home.
也许有一个外星文明 已经在向地球进发
Perhaps there's an alien civilization already headed for Earth.
如果真是这样 我们应不应该躲开它们？
If so, should we hide from them,
还是让它们知道我们的存在？
or make ourselves known?
好了
Okay. Um. . .
我最后要说的是…
Let me Let me end by saying. . .
我最后要告诉你的是 为什么我们应该开始传送信息
Let me close by telling youxa0 why we should begin transmitting
以及为什么我们应该从现在就开始
and why we should begin right now.
（道格·瓦科奇 天体生物学家）
道格·瓦科奇想要和潜在的外星来客 开启对话
Doug Vakoch wants to open up a dialogue with potential aliens
采用的方式就是向它们 发送无线电消息
by sending them radio messages.
但首先 他得要说服地球上的天文学家们
But first, he needs to persuade astronomers on Earth
让他们相信这是一个好主意
that it's a good idea.
一切由此开始
This is where it all started.
地球上最大的射电望远镜
The biggest radio telescope Earth had ever seen.
（波多黎哥 阿雷西博天文台）
在这儿的感觉很特别
There's something about being here,
这个地方的规模和宏伟
the awesomeness, the scale of the place.
1974年 在这里 我们第一次把人类的信息发送到太空
This is where, in 1974, we sentxa0 humanity's first message into space.
信息的开头是由脉冲数出的 一到十的数字
It starts by these pulses that count out the numbers from one through ten.
在我们向外星人展示我们如何计数后
Then after we've shown extraterrestrials how we count,
我们用这些数字来描述
we use those numbers to describe
一些地球生命必须的化学元素
some of the chemical elements essential to life on Earth.
之后
And then after that. . .
描述了我们的形象
what we look like,
我们这里有多少人
how many humans there are,
我们有多高
how tall we are.
之后又展现了我们太阳系的样子
Then after that, a representation of our solar system.
最后展现的是这个望远镜的样子
And then it ends with a representationxa0 of this telescope itself,
也就是这个信息来自何处
where the message came from.
阿雷西博信息的脉冲
The pulses of the Arecibo message
可以被排成象形图 用来向外星智慧生物传达
could be arranged into a pictogram
关于地球生命的信息
to inform intelligent aliens about life on Earth.
但那是一次性事件
But it was a one-time event,
瞄准的目标是25000光年之外的 一个星团
aimed at a star cluster 25, 000 light-years away.
如果我们发送阿雷西博信息的同时
If we'd been sending messagesxa0 to nearby stars
对附近的星星发送信息
at the same time we sent out the Arecibo message,
那么如今我们有可能收到 来自数千颗星星中任何一颗的回复
we could be getting responses todayxa0 from any of thousands of stars.
但我们没有那么做 所以现在我们在黑暗中
But we haven't, and so we're in the dark.
我们之所以没有发送更多信息 最重要的原因就是我们害怕
The biggest reason we haven't sentxa0 more messages is because we're afraid.
因为那些科幻大♥片♥
Because the blockbusterxa0 science-fiction films
展示了外星人来到地球消灭我们
show aliens coming to Earthxa0 and annihilating us. . .
这就是我们认为 有可能真正发生的事情
and so that's what we think would really happen.
我觉得最突出的挑战在于 有些人担心