完美星球（2021）

than have visited the bottom of Fernandina's crater.
而不是参观费尔南迪娜火山口的底部
But instinct drives her on.
但本能驱使她继续前进
The warm volcanic ash on the crater floor
火山口底部温暖的火山灰
has the perfect temperature for incubating her eggs.
有完美的温度孵卵
But there are no clear paths down.
但是没有明确的路径
Any made last year have been destroyed by rock falls.
去年制♥造♥的任何东西都被落石摧毁了
The slope is steep and unstable.
这个斜坡很陡,不稳定
Tumbling rocks quickly become an avalanche.
翻滚的岩石很快就变成了雪崩
With the boulders falling down away from her,
随着巨石从她身边落下,
she's not in immediate danger.
她现在没有危险
But behind her,higher up,
但在她身后,更高的地方,
two other females have also started the descent.
另外两名女性也开始下降
And now she is in the firing line.
现在她在射击线上
She's safe.
她很安全
Others before her haven't been so lucky.
在她之前的其他人可没这么幸运
But she's undeterred.
但她没有被吓倒
At last,after an eight-hour descent,
最后,经过8个小时的下降,
she reaches the crater floor.
她到达火山口底部
Now she must find a suitable place to dig her nest.
现在她必须找一个合适的地方挖她的窝
The best sites are already taken.
最好的地点已经被占领了
And nesting females are very aggressive.
筑巢的雌性非常好斗
A nodding head means keep away.
点头表示远离
Push off!
走开！
Ignored warnings are met with force.
被忽略的警告将被强制执行
But she's come a long way,and she's not going to give up now.
但她已经走了很长的路,她现在不会放弃
She,too,starts to dig a hole in which to lay her eggs.
她也开始挖洞产卵
That done,she will head back,
做完了,她会回去的,
leaving the volcano to provide the warmth her eggs need
离开火山为她的蛋提供所需的温暖
if they are to hatch.
如果它们要孵化的话
Sometimes,of course,the volcano erupts
当然,有时火山会喷发
and destroys not only eggs but many nesting adults.
不仅破坏卵子,也破坏许多筑巢的成虫
But for the iguanas,
但对于鬣蜥来说,
the benefits of nesting in the crater are so great
在火山口筑巢的好处是如此巨大
that it's worth all the risks.
它值得所有的风险
Volcanic islands make up just 5% of the planet's land,
火山岛只占地球陆地的5%,
but they're home to nearly 20% of its species.
但它们是近20%物种的家园
Animals often evolve very swiftly on islands,
动物在岛屿上的进化通常非常迅速,
cut off from their mainland relatives
与大♥陆♥亲戚断绝联♥系♥
and faced with the challenges of isolation.
面对与世隔绝的挑战
This is Wolf,an extinct volcano
这是狼,一座死火山
and one of the most remote islands of the Galapagos,
加拉帕戈斯最偏远的岛屿之一,
800 miles from the nearest large landmass
离最近的大♥陆♥地800英里
and over a million years old.
超过一百万年了
A finch.
一只雀
A female.
女性
Its ancestors doubtless were blown here by storms many centuries ago.
毫无疑问,它的祖先在许多世纪前就被风暴吹到了这里
Like most finches,they feed on seeds,nectar and insects.
像大多数雀类一样,它们以种子、花蜜和昆虫为食
But there's little food of any kind on Wolf.
但是狼身上几乎没有任何食物
And since they aren't strong enough fliers to leave the island,
因为他们没有足够的力量离开这个岛,
they've had to find food from a very unusual source.
他们不得不从一个非常不寻常的地方寻找食物
They depend on another of the island's inhabitants.
他们依靠岛上另一个居民生活
Nazca boobies.
纳斯卡的胸部
Every day,these sea birds commute
这些海鸟每天通勤
between the island and their fishing grounds out in the open ocean.
在岛和他们的渔场之间
Each time a pair meet,they renew their bond.
每一次一对相遇,他们就会重新建立联♥系♥
And then catch up with the neighbours.
然后赶上邻居
Now is the time
现在是时候了
to hop into action.
开始行动
Blood.
血
They are vampire finches.
它们是吸血鬼雀
These little birds have become one of the world's newest species.
这些小鸟已经成为世界上最新的物种之一
She cuts the quill of a large flight feather,
她剪下一根大羽毛的羽毛,
and the blood flows.
血液流动
The sight of it attracts the attention of others.
一看到它就会引起别人的注意
Blood is very nutritious - worth fighting for.
血液很有营养,值得为之奋斗
So with this never-ending supply of food,
所以有了源源不断的食物,
the vampire finches can flourish on an island
吸血鬼雀可以在岛上繁衍生息
where otherwise they could not survive.
否则他们就活不下去了
Why the boobies don't object,nobody knows.
没人知道为什么胸部不反对
Perhaps the finches' behaviour started
也许是雀鸟的行为开始了
when they helped the boobies to remove parasites from their plumage.
当他们帮助胸部去除羽毛上的寄生虫时
Maybe the boobies think that the little vampires
也许胸部认为小吸血鬼
are still providing a service.
仍在提供服务
Who can tell?
谁知道呢？
Volcanic islands don't last forever.
火山岛不会永远存在
Changes deep in the Earth's crust bring their eruptions to an end
地壳深处的变化结束了它们的喷发
and the forces of erosion then begin to wear them down.
侵蚀的力量开始把它们磨损
But the coral around them continues to grow,
但周围的珊瑚还在继续生长,
sea levels change,and eventually all that is left
海平面变化,最终剩下的一切
is a ring-shaped island of coral rock surrounding a lagoon.
是环礁湖周围珊瑚岩形成的环形岛屿
An atoll.
环礁
There are hundreds of atolls in tropical seas,
热带海域有数百个环礁,
all remnants of vanished volcanoes.
所有消失的火山遗迹
This is one of the largest and most pristine -
这是一个最大的和最原始的-
Aldabra,in the Indian Ocean.
阿尔达布拉,在印度洋
20 million years ago,it was an island
两千万年前,它还是一个小岛
with a volcanic crater in its centre.
中心有一个火山口
Now,it's an atoll.
现在,它是一个环礁
Mangroves took root and sea birds came to nest.
红树林扎根,海鸟来筑巢
One land animal in particular
特别是一种陆地动物
reached here before man.
在人类之前到达这里
A giant tortoise.
一只巨大的乌龟
These creatures can float
这些生物可以漂浮
and live without food or fresh water for long periods of time.
长♥期♥没有食物和淡水
This isolated atoll is the perfect refuge.
这个孤立的环礁是完美的避难所
Their only enemy is the sun.
他们唯一的敌人是太阳
Without shade,a tortoise risks being boiled in his shell.
没有阴凉处,乌龟有被壳煮的危险
So,after feeding in the cool of the morning,
所以,在凉爽的早晨进食后,
and before the sun becomes too crushingly hot,
在太阳变得太热之前,
they have to find cover.
他们必须找到掩护
All of them.
所有的
There is very little vegetation,but caves in the coral rock
植被很少,但珊瑚岩中有洞穴
can provide the shade they so badly need.
能提供他们急需的荫凉
He's nearly there.
他快到了
All that is left is a white-knuckle ride to the bottom.
剩下的只是一次白费力气的冒险
And he's in.
他在里面
Thousands of others are still out in the sun.
成千上万的人仍在阳光下
This tree could shade a couple of hundred,if they pack tight.
这棵树可以遮住几百棵,如果他们挤得紧的话
It's bumper-to-bumper parking.
这是一辆接一辆的停车场
Within an hour or so,all must find shade of some sort
在一个小时左右的时间里,所有人都必须找到某种阴影
if they're to survive.
如果他们想活下来
Safe.
安全
But the future for Aldabra's tortoises is far from certain.
但是阿尔达布拉乌龟的未来还很不确定
The climate is changing,sea levels are rising,
气候在变化,海平面在上升,
and Aldabra's tortoises may soon have to find a new refuge,
阿尔达布拉的乌龟可能很快就会找到新的避难所,
or drown.
或者淹死
In some places,volcanoes erupt not in the ocean
在有些地方,火山不是在海洋中爆发的
but in the very middle of a continent.
但是在一个大♥陆♥的中部
North America.
北美
And in its very heart,a volcanic hot spot - Yellowstone.
在它的心脏,一个火山热点-黄石
The last major eruption here
上次的大喷发
came to an end about 650,000 years ago,
大约在65万年前结束,
but this volcano is only sleeping.
但这座火山只是在沉睡
Not far below ground,there is still magma.
离地面不远,仍有岩浆
And that heats the ground water to boiling point.
把地下水加热到沸点
Geysers.
间歇泉
Some spout boiling water and steam to heights of 90 metres or so.
有的喷开水和蒸汽到90米左右的高度
Elsewhere,the scalding waters liquefy the ground sediments,
在其他地方,滚烫的水使地面沉积物液化,
creating pots of boiling mud.
制♥造♥一盆盆沸腾的泥浆
And this underground heating has proved a lifeline for some.
而这种地下供暖已经证明是一些人的生命线