野性南美洲（2000）

These aren't fur seals but sea-lions.
它们喜欢在浅水区里狩猎
They prefer to hunt in these shallower waters
寻找躲在海草里的动物
searching for animals hiding amongst the weed.
褐藻床是海中的雨林
Kelp beds are the rainforests of the sea.
从阳光普照的树冠层到阴暗的森林地表
From sunlit canopy to shadowy forest floor
孕育出众多奇特的生物
they support a wealth of strange creatures.
也是海狮的理想狩猎场
It's an ideal hunting ground for sea-lions.
这里跟雨林一样
Like the rainforest
可以探索的地方非常多
this is a world that has yet to be fully explored.
海狮就跟猛禽一样
Like birds of prey
飞翔在水底森林的树枝之间
the sea-lions fly among the branches of this submarine forest.
在陆地上也有一座森林
There's forest on the land as well.
这些深谷多少阻挡了狂暴的强风
These deep valleys give a degree of shelter from the relentless wind
加上雨量很大, 树木生长的很茂盛
and with the heavy rainfall trees flourish.
树林的深处，有一些动静
Deep in the woods, something stirs.
峡湾的冷水把企鹅送进了森林
The cold waters of the fjords have even put a penguin in the forest.
这些是麦哲伦企鹅
These are Magellanic penguins.
企鹅在水里动作很优雅
Penguins may be elegant in the water
却不擅长攀爬树枝
but they're not designed for clambering over branches.
那它们来这里做什么呢？
So what are they doing here?
这里没有适合繁殖的宽广海滩或起伏悬崖
With no broad beaches or broken cliffs to breed on
这些适应力很强的鸟就在这里筑巢
these adaptable birds actually nest here
它们在树根之间挖洞下蛋
scraping a hollow for their eggs among the tree roots.
在林间筑巢可以挡风遮雨
Nesting in the woods gives them shelter from the elements
还可以躲开掠食者
and protection against predators...
但是要喂小企鹅
but when they have chicks to feed
就得踏上回到海里的艰苦旅程
they face a hard trek back to the sea.
奇怪的叫声把大家集♥合♥在岸边
Those strange calls gather them into social groups on the shore
一起准备出海
before they head out to sea.
难怪常常有人把它们叫做公驴企鹅
It's no surprise that they're often called jackass penguins.
企鹅要到捕鱼场
To reach their fishing ground
得先要穿过这座褐藻床
the penguins have to cross the kelp beds.
而海狮就藏在里面
But that's where the sea-lions are hiding.
有些海狮会吃企鹅
And some sea-lions eat penguins.
独行的公海狮最危险
Lone males are the most dangerous.
企鹅不知道里头有没有海狮
The penguins can't tell if the sea-lion's still there.
它们没有办法看透水面以及浓密的褐藻林
They can't see through the water surface and the dense kelp forest
它们必须面对攻击不然小企鹅就得挨饿
They have to run the gauntlet or their chicks will starve.
问题是什么时候该跳进水里去
The only question is when to go into the water.
冒险的时候到了
It's time to chance it.
成群结队比较安全
There's safety in numbers
这只企鹅没有跟上大家
but this straggler's missed the group.
但是想到嗷嗷待哺的小企鹅，它只好冒险一试
His chick needs feeding so he has to take a gamble.
海狮杀死企鹅之后
After killing the penguin
会先剥皮然后再吃
the sealion skins it before eating it.
安全的游到峡湾深处后
Safely out in the depths of the fjord
企鹅变成了猎人，不再是猎物
the penguins become the hunters not the hunted.
它们要捉的不是磷虾，而是鱼…沙丁鱼
Their prey here aren't krill but fish... sardines.
成群的贼鸥，海鸥还有信天翁都跟着企鹅走
Flocks of skuas gulls and albatross follow the action.
企鹅合力狩猎
The penguins hunt as a group
把鱼儿全赶在一起
herding the fish into dense shoals.
鱼群惊慌的想要逃走
In their panic to escape
有些被赶到水面
they're driven to the surface
却成了海鸟唾手可得的猎物
where they're easy prey for the seabirds.
企鹅在陆地上的模样很笨拙， 甚至很好笑
On land, penguins look ungainly even comical...
但是到了水里它们可是如鱼得水
but underwater they're in their element.
它们虽然不会飞， 在水里却能自在遨游
They may be flightless but here they really fly.
峡湾不只是提供庇护的进食场
The fjords are more than just sheltered feeding places.
它还是各种旅客的公用水道
They're highways for all sorts of travellers.
有一条水道从大西洋直通太平洋
One channel cuts all the way through from the Atlantic to the Pacific
这就是麦哲伦海峡
the Straits of Magellan.
皮氏斑纹海豚利用这条水道来往两大洋
Peale's dolphins take advantage of this highway between the oceans.
它们体型小
They're small
但是强壮又敏捷
but strong and agile
最适合穿梭在褐藻森林
perfectly designed for travel through kelp forests
狭窄的水道跟强劲的洋流之间
narrow channels and strong currents.
它们的时速可以超过15英里
They can reach speeds of over 15 miles an hour.
海峡到了太平洋的这一头
At the Pacific end of the straits
南冰洋的海水混入了寒冷的洪堡洋流
the waters of the Southern Ocean mingle with the cold Humboldt current.
洋流沿着海沟向北走了2千英里
It's channelled north for two thousand miles
它的深度跟安地斯山的高度一样
by a deep ocean trench... as deep as the Andes are high.
这一股洋流是南美西岸的生命活泉
This current is the key to life on South America's west coast.
洪堡洋流是抹香鲸的水路航道
The Humboldt is also a highway for sperm whales.
公鲸在南极冰冻的水域觅食
Males feed in the frozen waters of the Antarctic
母鲸跟小鲸长年住在热带地区
but the females and young live all year round in the tropics.
因此每一年
So each year
这些50吨♥重的巨人都要长游5千英里来寻找伴侣
these fifty ton giants swim five thousand miles to find a mate.
沿路海沟的深度
The depth of the ocean trench along which it travels is one reason
是洪堡洋流肥沃多产的原因之一
for the Humboldt current's fertility.
深渊里动植物的尸骸
The cold water in the abyss is rich in nutrients
让冰冷的海水充满养分
from the remains of dead plants and animals.
强风吹动上层的海水，将冷海水带到海面
It's drawn to the surface when the upper layers of water are displaced by strong winds.
养分向上涌了出来
These enriched upwellings
造就地球上产量最丰富的捕渔场
feeds the most prolific fishing grounds on earth.
洪堡洋流让整个海岸活了起来
The Humboldt current brings the whole coast alive.
海流沿着海岸往上走
As the Humboldt surges up the coast
南方的雨林被远远的抛在后头
the rain-soaked forests of the south are left behind.
世上最干燥的沙漠取代了树林，亚他加马沙漠
Trees give way to the driest desert on earth... the Atacama.
这个对比十分奇妙，世上最干燥的大地
It's a strange paradox that the world's driest land
竟然跟最富饶的海洋比邻而居
and richest sea are found side by side.
就算近海有洪堡洋流
But even with the Humboldt current just offshore
陆地上仍然不适合居住
how could anything possibly live here?
不可思议的是企鹅住在这片沙漠里
Incredibly this desert has penguins...
这些是洪氏环企鹅，跟这股海流一样
They're Humboldt penguins... named like the current
以19世纪探险家亚历山大-范-洪堡为名
after the 19th Century explorer Alexander von Humboldt.
它们为了享用近海的鱼群
To take advantage of the shoals of fish just offshore
就必须在沙漠筑巢
they have to nest in the desert.
这对企鹅来说，是最大的挑战
This appears to be the ultimate challenge for a penguin.
尤其是毛茸茸的小企鹅
The woolly chicks, especially
好像不太适合炎热的气候
don't look as though they could cope with a hot climate.
还要抢食物吃的话就更困难了
And squabbling for food must make it even worse.
企鹅必须强健，适应力强..才能住在这里
Penguins do have to be tough and adaptable to live here
其实这里不像表面上看来那么热
but it's actually not as hot as it appears.
寒冷的洪堡洋流让这块近海的狭长地带
The cold Humboldt current keeps the narrow strip of land
十分凉爽
just inshore quite cool.
所以只要这些企鹅靠近海边, 就能生存了
So long as the penguins keep close to the water, they can survive
企鹅会过来，因为这里有鱼群
The penguins are here because of the fish.
沿着海岸往上走一点
Just a little further up the coast are the richest fishing grounds of all
就是全世界最富饶的捕渔场
the richest in the world.
洪堡洋流流经近海
The Humboldt current runs close offshore
不断往上涌出的洋流喂饱了数量很大的鳀鱼群
and here the vigorous upwellings feed huge shoals of anchovies.
这个海浪及海产食物的乐园，帕拉卡斯
This paradise of surf and seafood is called Paracas.
帕拉卡斯是世界之最的地区
Paracas is a place of superlatives.
光是一个海狮群数量就有3万头
Just one of its sea-lion colonies can have thirty thousand animals.
这么多海狮挤在一起
With so many packed together
公海狮很难掌握它的妻妾
it's hard for the bulls to keep control of their harem of females.
免不了会吵架
Disputes are inevitable.
帕拉卡斯不只有海狮
Paracas has more than sea-lions.
各种鸟类群集在这里
All kinds of bird flock here to take advantage
享用成群的鳀鱼
of the huge shoals of anchovies
鳀鱼的数量不是以百万计, 而是以兆计算
whose populations are estimated not in millions, but trillions.
估计一天有超过5百万只鸟
There are thought to be well over five million birds
吃掉一千吨♥的鳀鱼
consuming a thousand tons of anchovies a day.
光是鸬鹚族群数量就超过上百万只
The cormorant colonies alone contain literally millions of birds.
每平方公尺就有3个鸟巢
There are three nests to every square metre
鸬鹚占据了整个岛
and the colonies cover whole islands
这里是世界上鸟儿密度最高的地方
the largest concentrations of birds in the world.
秘鲁鲣鸟在这里也只有站着的份
There's standing room only for Peruvian boobies too.
在岛上筑巢可以躲开四脚的掠食者
Nesting on islands keeps them safe from four-footed predators
但是碰上空袭它们也无计可施
but it's no defence against attack from the air.
洪氏环企鹅在近海丰富的渔场里大捞一顿