野性南美洲（2000）

it hunts only when the temperature has risen enough for it to move.
对随时都要把握机会的蜥蜴来说
For a lizard living on the edge of what's possible
一小块棕色的苍蝇盐田也值得奋战夺取
even a patch of fly-blown salt pan is worth fighting for.
就连间歇泉飘出来的蒸气也会引来生物
Even the steaming outflow from a geyser attracts life.
这只青蛙也靠苍蝇维生
This frog also survives on flies
不过这种生活真是步步危机
but this really is living on the edge.
往这边跳几步就会被活生生的煮熟
A few hops one way and it would be boiled alive
往另外一边呢又会被活活冻死
a few the other and it would freeze to death.
这片世界屋脊上的沙漠居然还有哺乳动物
This desert on the roof of the world even has mammals
瘦驼...骆驼的南美表亲
Vicuna South American relatives of the camel.
可是它们在这里能吃什么？
But what can they eat up here?
亚帝普拉诺高原不是只有碱水湖
There's more to the Altiplano than caustic lakes
泉水也不全都又热又咸
and not all the springs are hot and salty.
积雪山顶流下来的雪水让一些泉水成为清凉的淡水
Fed by meltwater from the snow-clad peaks some run cold and fresh.
这些水灌溉着小块的湿地...波发达斯
They water small patches of marsh called bofedales.
在亚帝普拉诺高原上比较干燥的地方
In the drier parts of the Altiplano
这些绿洲是瘦驼存活的关键
these green oases are the key to the vicunas' survival.
绿洲提供了牧草以及饮用的淡水
They provide grazing and fresh water to drink.
各种动物都要靠它们
All sorts of animals depend on them.
如大绒鼠，这种啮齿类跟兔子一样大
Like viscachas rabbit-sized rodents.
清晨的时候，湿地结冻成冰
Early in the morning the marsh is frozen hard
大绒鼠先做个日光浴,等地面暖和起来
so the viscachas bask in the sun until the ground warms up
跟它们分享地盘的叶耳鼠就在旁边
along with the leaf-eared mice that share their jumble of boulders.
草地解冻以后它们才能开始吃草
Only when the grass has thawed can they start to graze.
在亚帝普拉诺高原比较干燥的地方，除了波发达斯以外没有什么植物
In the drier parts of the Altiplano little grows away from the bofedales.
少数花提供安地斯山蜂鸟些许花蜜
The few flowers give a sip of nectar for the Andean Hillstar.
在空气稀薄的高地，停靠在植物上节省体力是很重要的
Up here perching is vital to save energy in the thin air.
这里虽然没有树林
There may be no woods here
却有啄木鸟...安地斯扑动鴷
but there is a woodpecker the Andean flicker.
它在地底筑巢,捕食湿地里的昆虫幼虫
It nests underground and hunts for insect grubs in the marsh.
在这个极高的地方
At this extreme altitude
动物要面对的主要问题是寒冷及氧气不足
the main problems any animal has to face are cold and lack of oxygen.
大绒鼠的毛非常的厚,可以抵御寒冷
Viscachas overcome the cold by having incredibly thick fur
不过它们得好好梳理才能保暖，不会被冻僵
but they have to keep it in good shape if it's to save them from freezing.
为了充分利用稀薄的空气
To make better use of the thin air
有些动物的红血球浓度很高
some animals have a high concentration of red blood cells
还有特化的肺
and specialised lungs.
不要乱跑乱动也有帮助
It also helps if you don't exert yourself.
大绒鼠几乎只在
Viscachas hardly ever move more
它们居住的石头附近活动
than a stone's throw from their protective rocks.
它们绝对不会轻举妄动
Nothing moves fast without a good reason
不过在这里连一小块草地都值得奋战争取
but up here, even a small patch of grass is worth fighting for.
决定要不要使用努力储存的体力
Deciding whether to use hard-won energy reserves
可能攸关生死
can be a matter of life and death.
一只红狐走了过来,表示必须做出决定
The arrival of a red fox means it's decision time.
这里的空气里十分缺氧, 想要长途追逐是不可能的
Up here the air is so starved of oxygen that a sustained chase is impossible.
这只狐狸得使用突袭法捕捉猎物
The fox has to try and take its prey by surprise
在旷野中可不容易
Not easy in this open country.
这些大绒鼠想全身而退得跑上一段路
The viscachas are rarely more than a short dash from safety.
大绒鼠肺部的肌肉壁很薄
Viscachas have thin muscle walls to their lungs
在非常高的地方呼吸也很轻松
so they can breathe more freely at high altitude.
但是快跑对它们来说还是很费力
But a rapid escape is exhausting even for them.
惊吓结束了
The panic's over for now.
现在大家都可以喘一口气
It's time for everyone to catch their breath.
在亚帝普拉诺空气实在太稀薄了
On the Altiplano the air is in such short supply
不管是猎人或猎物..都不能随便浪费
that neither hunter nor hunted can afford to waste it.
高海拔的严酷在入夜以后威力最强
It's at night that the effects of the high altitude bite hardest.
太阳一下山
When the sun goes down
空气太过稀薄留不住热气
the air's too thin to retain its heat
气温就会急速下降
and the temperature plummets.
对安地斯山蜂鸟来说,每个晚上都像在过冬
For the Andean Hillstar every night is like a winter.
虽然这里高度比较低
Even at lower altitudes
蜂鸟入夜后会减缓新陈代谢以节省体力
hummingbirds save energy at night by slowing down their metabolism
几乎就跟冬眠一样
almost as if they were hibernating.
在高地上这种能力可以决定生存或死亡
Up here, that ability can make the difference between life and death.
日落后才3小时气温降到摄氏零下20度
Just three hours after sunset it's already twenty below.
连流水都冻结成冰了
Even running water freezes hard.
对安地斯山蜂鸟来说关键时刻到了
This is the moment of truth for the Hillstar.
而它现在...只能等待
Now all it can do is wait.
太阳升起,安地斯山蜂鸟活了过来
With the rising sun the Hillstar comes alive again.
它选择这个地方栖息好让第一道阳光照进来
It picked its roosting place so the very first rays
温暖它冰冷的身体
reach in to warm its chilled body.
这一次，它撑过去了
This time, it's won through
每一晚都是一场12小时的寒冬奋战记
Every night is a battle to survive a twelve hour winter.
不过亚帝普拉诺的确有冬天
But the Altiplano also has a true winter.
每年有几个星期的时间
For a few weeks each year
严苛的气候会变得更加恶劣
its savage climate becomes even more severe.
有能力的动物应该在这时候离开
For those who can this is time to leave.
它们得到山下的湖里去寻找食物
They must search for food in lakes lower down the mountains.
红鹳飞走以后
When the flamingos have gone
亚帝普拉诺高原就只剩下寒冷的冬天
the high Altiplano is left to the elements
留下的动物别无选择...只能承受现状
and those animals that have no choice but to sit it out.
温度实在太低了, 连盐湖都结了冰
The cold can be so severe that even the salt lakes freeze over.
鸟类繁殖时间晚了就会被困在这里
Any birds that breed late in the season can be trapped here.
因为雏鸟还不会飞
Their young can't yet fly
食物又被冰封了起来, 碰也碰不到
and their food is now out of reach locked beneath the ice.
留下来的鸟，许多都会死亡, 最后冻结成冰
Many of these stragglers will die frozen into the ice.
它们的命运已经注定了
Their fate is already sealed.
有些地方永远不会结冰
But some places never freeze.
安地斯山内部的火让间歇泉跟温泉远离冰雪
The Andes' inner fires keep the geysers and hot springs free of ice.
至少在这里，冬天不会来
Here at least, winter will never come.
这个暖和的小岛位于世界最边缘
In this tiny island of warmth in the most marginal
最极端的地方还有生命坚持下去
and extreme of worlds, life hangs on.
亚帝普拉诺的气候或许很极端
The Altiplano may be extreme
但是还有更严酷的地方
but there's somewhere even more severe.
沿着安地斯山脉往南走
As you travel south down the chain of the Andes
冬季变得更加严寒
winter becomes even harder.
这里的山脉高度或许不如北方的大山
The mountains here may not be as high as the giants further north
但是更接近南极地带
but they're much closer to the Antarctic.
雪线已经越来越低了
The snowline creeps lower and lower
深入南方之后冰雪终年不化
and in the deep south the ice never melts.
这里就是巴塔哥尼亚
This is Patagonia.
巴塔哥尼亚安地斯有3大冰原
Three huge ice-sheets dominate the Patagonian Andes.
涵盖范围超过7千平方英里
Covering over seven thousand square miles
这些是两极以外最辽阔的冰原
they're the largest expanse of ice outside the poles
范围广大甚至自成一个气候系统
so vast that they generate their own weather.
耸立在冰原边上的石塔
Towers of rock rise from the edge of the ice
是被冰河侵蚀后露出来的古火山遗迹
the remnants of ancient volcanoes stripped bare by the glaciers.
只有美洲鹫在冰峰之间翱翔
Only the condor soars among these icy peaks.
这是地球上风力最强的地方之一
This is one of the windiest places on earth.
冰冷的风从冰原边缘吹来
Chilled air spills from the edge of the ice-sheet.
往下灌进山峰之间的冰河
Funnelled down the glaciers and between the peaks
这些冰冻的强风时速可达1百英里
these freezing blasts can reach a hundred miles an hour.
冰原上几乎找不到任何生物
Almost nothing lives on the ice-sheet itself.
就算是要住在冰原边上也需要非比寻常的毅力
Surviving even on its edge requires unimaginable stamina.
这些原驼是瘦驼的南方亲戚
The guanaco a southern cousin of the vicuna.
它的体型比较大, 披着一件厚毛外套
It's larger and has a thick woolly coat
让它能够捱过巴塔哥尼亚的冬天
and it needs it to survive the Patagonian winter.
原驼要面对的危险不只有冰雪
Snow is not the only peril the guanacos face.
美洲狮是安地斯之狮
The puma, the lion of the Andes.
这种适应力最强的大猫足迹遍及整个山脉
This most adaptable of big cats lives throughout the mountain chain
从雾林到高地沙漠
from the cloud forest to the high desert
还有巴塔哥尼亚的雪地，但是，它神出鬼没，难得一见
and the snows of Patagonia but it's secretive and hardly ever seen.
对这里所有的猎人来说, 冬季是个贫瘠的季节
For all the hunters here winter is a lean season.
它们在雪地上无处藏身
They're poorly camouflaged against the snow.
灰狐尾随美洲狮, 捡食它吃剩的猎物碎块
The grey fox follows the puma to scavenge any scraps from its kills.
它在夏天已经先藏了一些食物
She has hidden stores of food during the summer.
只要闻出储藏的食物, 就能捱过这个冬天
If she can sniff them out she'll survive the winter.
最艰困的时期长达4个月
The really hard times last four months.
但是慢慢的白天越来越长，大地也恢复了生机
But slowly the days get longer and the land comes back to life.
雪线退回到山上去