七个世界，一个星球（2019）

绒顶柽柳猴
Cotton-topped tamarins.
这种猴子极度濒危
They're critically endangered.
现存的猴群仅有几百个
Only a few hundred families remain.
他们主要以水果为食
They live largely on fruit
喜食树木的枝液
and are particularly fond of tree sap.
枝液中糖分很高 所以也引来了不少昆虫
This is packed with sugars, so it also attracts insects.
昆虫也是一道美味
But tamarins like them too -
可以为猴子们补充蛋白质
a little bit of protein to add to their diet.
过去有50000多种昆虫供它们随意挑选
There used to be over 50,000 species of insect to choose from...
但是随着森林面♥积♥不断缩小
...but as the forest has shrunk around them,
它们很难找到合适的食物
it's becoming more difficult to find the right ones.
南美洲充满着变化
South America is changing.
95%的哥伦比亚低地森林已经消失殆尽
Over 95% of Colombia's lowland forest has now been cleared.
农业成为了当地开♥发♥的重中之重
Farming has taken the biggest share.
仅仅剩下这一片孤零零的森林
This patch of forest is now isolated.
为数不多的绒顶柽柳猴种群
The few tamarin families here
被迫和同伴分开
are now cut off from the rest of their species...
森林之外是一个截然不同的世界
...and beyond their boundary lies an alien world.
如今南美洲的两千多种动物正面临着生存威胁
Today, more than 2,000 species of animal in South America are under threat.
在这片大♥陆♥的各个角落
All across the continent,
森林逐渐被砍伐殆尽 成为一片片农田
forest is being steadily cut down and replaced by farms.
来自太空的图像揭示了这场浩劫的规模
Images from space reveal the scale of the destruction.
放眼整个南美地区
Throughout South America as a whole,
每五秒钟 就有一片足球场大小的林地消失
an area of forest the size of a football pitch is being lost every five seconds.
在所有濒临消失的森林中
Of all the forests at risk,
最珍贵的位于南美洲的心脏地带
perhaps the most precious lies in the very heart of the continent.
亚马逊雨林
The Amazon rainforest -
地球上最大的森林
the largest on Earth.
现在 这里生活着超过200万种动植物
Over two million species of plants and animals now live here -
这里的物种比七大洲的任何地方都多
more than is found on any other of the Earth's seven continents.
这里有着丰富的食物 以至于一些雄鸟不愿帮忙筑巢
Food is so abundant that some male birds, instead of helping with nest duties,
只想着与尽可能多的雌鸟交♥配♥
try to mate with as many females as possible.
这是一只雄性燕尾娇鹟 它正在向异性炫耀自己
This is a male manakin showing off to a female.
它展示了自己的舞步
He does so by dancing...
还有一群雄性同伴为它伴舞
...and he has a team of subordinate males to help him.
这群前来助兴的雄性 有朝一日也可能成为主角
By supporting him now, they may themselves eventually become leaders
得到交♥配♥的机会
and get a chance to mate.
舞团集结完毕 开始了表演
The team is assembled and the performance begins.
雌性靠近一步 认真欣赏
She takes a closer look.
领舞的雄性以华丽的的技巧展示收场
The top male signals the end with a final flourish.
它会得到怎样的答复
What's the verdict?
还不够精彩
Not good enough.
真是不可思议
Unbelievable!
它还需要多多练习
So it's back to practising.
在这个拥挤的环境中 每种动物各显身手
Each animal species in this crowded environment has to have its own way
为自己在森林中谋得一席之地
of creating a niche for itself.
这是一只箭毒蛙
This is a poison dart frog.
雄性箭毒蛙抚养后代的方式十分特殊
Males raise their young in a very special way.
箭毒蛙爸爸会把每一只蝌蚪放置到专属的小水洼中
A father will place each one of his tadpoles in its own tiny pool of water.
就像这样
This is one.
看起来很安全
Nice and safe.
它最多还有五只蝌蚪需要照料
He might have up to five other tadpoles.
它必须记住每个蝌蚪的位置
But he needs to remember where he put each one of them.
这只的情况有些不妙
This one isn't doing so well.
小水洼几乎要干涸了
His tiny puddle has all but dried out.
除非能找到一个更好的地方 否则小蝌蚪必死无疑
The tadpole will die unless its father can find a better place for it.
和其它爸爸一样 箭毒蛙爸爸让小蝌蚪爬到了背上
If dads are good for one thing, it's piggyback rides.
箭毒蛙爸爸跟人类的指甲盖差不多大
Fathers are no bigger than a human thumbnail,
但它们能够到达其它动物很难进入的地方
but this enables them to get to places that others can't.
这里就不错
This could be perfect.
唯一的问题是 这里没有食物
The only problem is that there's no food here.
箭毒蛙爸爸需要帮助
Fathers need help.
在这片森林的某个地方
Somewhere in this forest...
生活着
...is...
箭毒蛙妈妈
...mum.
可以弥补爸爸做不到的事睛
A female could do something a male cannot.
但首先 箭毒蛙爸爸必须把自己的伴侣带到饥饿的蝌蚪身边
But first, dad must lead his partner to their hungry tadpole...
箭毒蛙妈妈为小蝌蚪提供粮食
...and mother deals with the problem.
它产下一个未受精的卵
She lays a single unfertilised egg.
小蝌蚪得到了关键的一餐
And her tadpole gets a much-needed meal.
在接下来的六周里 这对父母将继续携手育儿
For the next six weeks, parents continue their rounds -
它们展现了非凡的合作精神和记忆力
an extraordinary test of teamwork and memory.
在热带阳光的照射下 亚马逊雨林的树木从树叶表面
Warmed by the tropical sun, the Amazon's trees release so much moisture
释放出大量的水气 它们蒸腾为云朵
from the surface of their leaves that they create their own clouds.
这样的云朵在一年中能带来深达六米的降水
And these, over the course of a year, release up to six metres of rain.
雨林水分饱和 降水汇成上千条小溪
The water flows through the saturated forest along a thousand streams.
溪水最终形成了全世界流量最大的河流
They eventually unite to form the largest river of them all.
在世界水量最大的八条河流中
The Amazon carries more water
亚马逊河的水量超过了其余七条的总和
than the world's next seven biggest rivers combined.
亚马逊河流域的一些河岸特别热闹
Some sections of its banks are particularly sought-after.
绯红金刚鹦鹉飞过100公里 只为了到此一游
Scarlet macaws travel over 50 miles to visit them.
绯红金刚鹦鹉忠于自己的伴侣 有些甚至相伴长达40年之久
Macaw couples bond for life and may stick together for over 40 years.
这对绯红金刚鹦鹉回到了自己最喜欢的树林之中 它们已经在这里生活了几十年
Pairs return to favourite trees, ones they've known for decades.
父母用水果和种子喂养雏鸟
Parents provide their chicks with fruits and seeds,
但它们远离海洋 饮食中缺乏盐分
but they're far from the ocean and their diet lacks salt.
没有盐分 雏鸟的大脑和骨骼将无法♥正♥常发育
Without it, the chicks' brains and bones will not develop properly.
它们必须找到解决办法
So someone has to go and fetch it.
其它动物也在寻找相同的东西
Many other creatures are looking for the same thing...
可取食的泥土
...a clay lick.
这里的泥土含有大量的珍贵矿物质
The earth here may be 40 times richer in valuable minerals
比周围森林中要丰富40倍
than anywhere else in the surrounding forest.
超过12种鹦鹉忙着抢占地盘
Over a dozen species of parrot jostle for space.
它们严守规则
There's a strict order...
先后享用
...in who feeds first.
每只鹦鹉都急着大饱口福 然后飞走
Everyone is in a rush to fill up and get airborne.
父母必须在雏鸟离巢之前
Parents have to carry over 5kg of clay to the nest
将5公斤泥土转移到巢中
before their chicks are ready to leave.
一旦雏鸟成年 它们将跟随父母长达一年
Once fledged, these young will follow their parents for up to a year,
学习寻找盐分的技能
learning where to find the salts.
南美洲美丽富饶的景象 不仅仅局限于亚马逊盆地
Many of the great riches of South America lie far beyond the Amazon basin.
在亚马逊河以南1600多公里的地方
Over 1,000 miles to the south of the Amazon,
有一处独一无二的小溪
there's one creek unlike any other on the continent.
在博尼图 大量淡水从地下深处涌出 形成一处清泉
Here at Bonito, freshwater springs bubble up from deep underground.
在石灰石的过滤下 泉水犹如水晶般晶莹剔透
Filtered through limestone, they create crystal-clear pools...
一种特别的鱼类生活在这处泉水中
...and in them live some remarkable fish.
它们就是希氏石脂鲤
Piraputanga.
泉水非常清澈 鱼儿能够看到水面上方的一举一动
The water is so clear that they're able to see what is going on above its surface.
黑帽悬猴在水面上寻找食物
Brown capuchins are up there, looking for a meal.
希氏石脂鲤聚精会神地观察着这群猴子
The piraputanga watch them attentively.
河岸上的猴子走到哪里 鱼儿就在水下跟到哪里
Wherever the monkeys go along the banks, the fish follow.
猴子每天都会来到这里寻找成熟的水果
The monkeys are on their daily search for ripe fruit,
而鱼儿不知道确切的位置
and the fish cannot by themselves know where that might be.
就在这里
But here it is.
幸运的是 这群猴子的吃相毫不文雅
And fortunately, the monkeys aren't the neatest of feeders.
水里的鱼儿争夺着吃剩的水果
Every scrap is fought over.
岸上有一只猴子负责通风报信
One monkey has the job of keeping an eye out for danger.
水蚺是所有蛇类中最大的一种
Anacondas are the largest of all snakes.
它们的重量能超过200多公斤
They grow to over 200kg.
水蚺通常会从水中偷猎
And they usually stalk their prey from the water...
但是它们的目标不是鱼儿
...but it's not fish that they're after.
如果黑帽悬猴离水面太近 就会处于危险之中
If the monkeys stray too close to the water, they will be in danger.
负责警戒的黑帽悬猴发出警告
The scout gives a warning call.
今天的用餐时间似乎应该结束了
That might have to be the end of the monkey's meal for today.
但是现在 希氏石脂鲤知道了水果的位置
But now the piraputanga know where the fruit is.
树上还有不少果实
And there's still plenty left on the tree.
即使黑帽悬猴不在 它们也能自力更生
In the monkeys' absence, they go for it themselves.
几毫米的误差 决定了他们的努力是成功 还是失败
Success or failure is just a matter of millimetres.
鱼儿一跃而起 在空中瞬间做出调整
With a split-second adjustment, the fish bends in midair
得到了应得的奖励
and collects the prize.
希氏石脂鲤非凡的觅食技巧
The piraputanga's extraordinary feeding technique