七个世界，一个星球（2019）

它们转而袭击斑马
They switch targets to zebra.
现在猎豹的行踪已经暴露无遗
Everyone now knows that they're here.
它们必须迅速调整捕猎战术
They must devise a different approach.
草原居民密切提防着它们的举动
All eyes are on the brothers.
在开阔地带 它们看上去毫无威胁
Out in the open, they seem to be no threat.
但雄性首领却不见踪影
But the lead male is missing.
四只猎豹负责迷惑敌人
The brothers are decoys.
陷阱已经设置完毕
The trap is set.
其它四只猎豹与雄性首领会合
The other four now join the lead male.
在五只猎豹的联合攻击下
Under the combined weight of five cheetah,
猎物很快丧命
death comes quickly.
今天 非洲草原供养着世界上最大规模的
Today, Africa's savannas support larger herds of big game
大型食草动物群体
than anywhere else in the world.
它们以不同的方式
And they, one way or another,
为各种小型动物提供了食物
provide food for all kinds of smaller creatures.
一只牛椋鸟
An oxpecker.
这种聪明的小鸟拥有独特的进食习性
A resourceful little bird with an unusual diet.
对它们来说 跳蚤和蜱虫等寄生虫
Fleas, ticks and even dandruff are food,
甚至皮屑都是美味
as far as they are concerned.
真是各得所需
Both parties benefit.
牛椋鸟能够饱餐一顿
The oxpecker gets a good meal...
而寄主自己永远也够不到的身体部位也得到了清理
...and the host is cleaned in those places it could never reach for itself.
每只牛椋鸟每天要吃掉数百只蜱虫
Each bird, every day, collects hundreds of ticks
和成千上万的昆虫幼虫
and thousands of insect larvae.
有些牛椋鸟会更加冒险取食
But some oxpeckers go for rather riskier meals.
河马的领地意识很强 而且凶猛残暴
Hippopotamus are highly territorial and very aggressive...
牛椋鸟在帮助它们清理寄生虫时必须时刻保持警惕
...so oxpeckers tackling them must always be on their guard.
但它的收获不止于此
But there's much to be gained.
鲜血是最有营养的食物
Blood is the most nutritious meal of all.
它们会不停啄食避免伤口愈合 让血液不断流出
Pecking ensures that cuts remain open and blood keeps flowing.
牛椋鸟一旦发现开放的伤口
And an oxpecker, once it's found an open wound,
便会紧跟不舍 根本不管寄主有多恼火
will stay alongside it, no matter how much that irritates its host.
好处是什么呢 无论境况好坏
The reward? An endless supply of food,
都有源源不断的血液供应
whatever the conditions.
非洲并非处处都是富饶肥沃之地
Not all of Africa is rich and fertile.
这片大♥陆♥有三分之一是沙漠
A third of the continent is desert.
这是位于非洲西南的纳米布沙漠
This is the Namib in the southwest.
在沙漠中心 有一处70年前
At its heart, a disused diamond mine
就已经废弃的钻石矿
that was abandoned nearly 70 years ago.
但这里还生活着一位动物居民
But it still has one inhabitant.
它是名副其实的沙漠专家
A desert specialist...
也是非洲难得一见的捕食者之一
...and one of Africa's rarest predators.
它就是棕鬣狗
The brown hyena.
这座空寂之城成了棕鬣狗的家园
This ghost town is her home.
废墟能保护它免受风吹日晒
Its ruins give her valuable protection from the elements.
这只雌性棕鬣狗已经在这里生活了15年
She has been here for 15 years.
它成功养育了9窝幼崽
She's already reared nine generations of cubs.
这两只年轻幼崽已经步入生命中的关键阶段
These two youngsters have reached a critical stage in their lives.
它们现在四个月大 需要不断获得固体食物
They're four months old, and now they need regular solid food.
但废墟里根本没有可吃的东西
But there is nothing edible in these ruins,
棕鬣狗妈妈只能到其它地方觅食
so their mother has to look elsewhere
可能一去就是数天
and may leave them for several days on end.
棕鬣狗每天可能要跋涉30多公里外出觅食
Brown hyenas may walk over 20 miles a day in search of food.
这里称得上是我们星球上最为恶劣的环境之一
This is some of the most hostile country on the planet.
这里的温度可高达50摄氏度
Temperatures reach a blistering 50 degrees Celsius.
狂风漫天袭来
Strong winds blow incessantly.
纳米布沙漠的棕鬣狗从四面八方来到沙丘与海洋的衔接处
Hyenas from all over the Namib head for where the sand dunes meet the sea.
绵延的沙滩地带
Somewhere along
看似贫瘠荒凉
this seemingly barren stretch of sand,
但有的地方存在大量的食物
there is food in great quantity.
南非海狗
Cape fur seals.
这里生活着大约1♥0♥0♥0♥0♥只南非海狗
There are around 10,000 of them here.
成年南非海狗威猛强壮
Adult seals are large and strong.
但南非海狗幼崽却十分无助
But their pups are neither.
南非海狗妈妈严密守护着幼崽
The youngsters are closely guarded by their mothers.
而棕鬣狗很清楚这需要耐心
A hyena, however, knows to be patient.
南非海狗妈妈迟早会不堪酷热 返回海洋中消暑降温
Sooner or later, seal mothers must return to the ocean to cool off.
一只南非海狗幼崽够棕鬣狗及其家人吃上几天时间
A single seal pup could feed a hyena and her family for days.
但是找到食物只是成功了—半
But finding food is only half the battle.
现在必须把食物安全带回
It now has to be carried back.
胡狼早已闻风而至
A jackal is here too...
而且它并非孤身一个
...and it's not alone.
如果棕鬣狗失去猎物 它就没有食物来喂养自己的幼崽
If a hyena loses her kill, she'll have nothing with which to feed her cubs.
胡狼在海边活动 不会纠缠太远
The jackals won't follow her very far from the coast.
内陆沙漠对它们来说炽热得可怕
It's too hot for them in the desert interior.
棕鬣狗只有长途跋涉到海岸觅食
Only by making these long journeys
才能在纳米布沙漠的中心维持生存
can brown hyenas manage to survive in the middle of the Namib.
但是有些沙漠动物很少出远门
But some desert animals seldom move far.
这里是卡拉哈里沙漠
The Kalahari Desert.
这里的食物非常充足
Here, food is more plentiful...
但都隐藏得很深
...but it's hidden.
一只穿山甲
A pangolin.
它可以捕获其它动物望尘莫及的猎物
She can collect food that others can't reach.
穿山甲凭借敏锐的嗅觉
A keen sense of smell enables her to detect
能够发现黄沙下面的蚁巢 挖掘蚂蚁和白蚁
the presence of ants and termites in their nests beneath the sand.
它充满黏性的舌头大约有30厘米长
Her sticky tongue, some 30cm long,
能够从地下深处舔食到蚂蚁
enables her to collect them from deep underground.
它的举动在密切监控之下
And she's being carefully watched.
天气越干燥 白蚁的巢穴就越深
The drier it gets, the deeper the termites live.
许多蚁巢深藏地下 就连穿山甲都束手无策
Many are way beyond the reach of even a pangolin.
但是这难不倒土豚
But not of an aardvark.
土豚是世界上体形最大的穴居动物
It's the world's largest burrowing animal.
它的嗅觉异常敏锐
Its sense of smell is extremely acute.
凭借铲子般的爪子和有力的四肢
Shovel-like claws and powerful legs enable it to dig down
它可以挖掘深达五六米的洞穴
to depths of five or six metres.
一只长大成年的土豚每天需要吃掉大约5万只白蚁
A full-grown aardvark needs to eat about 50,000 termites every day.
白蚁富含营养 肥美多汁
Termites are highly nutritious and full of moisture,
而且全年都可以找得到
and they can be collected here year round.
土豚通常在夜间活动
Aardvark are usually nocturnal.
但这只土豚却一反常态 在白天觅食
But the fact that this one is foraging in daylight
说明当地食物十分匮乏
is a sign that food is scarce.
卡拉哈里沙漠近来久旱不雨 结果导致白蚁数量大幅减少
Recent droughts in the Kalahari have led to low termite numbers
而土豚也深受其害 濒临饿死
and, as a consequence, aardvarks here are close to starvation.
全球气候变化正在严重影响非洲许多动物的命运
Changes in the world's climate are affecting many of Africa's animals.
根据预测 到下个世纪
It's predicted that in the next century,
南非的气温会持续升高 幅度会是全球平均升幅的两倍
Southern Africa will warm twice as much as the global average.
对那些无法快速适应变化的动物来说 未来变得希望渺茫
The future will be bleak for those that cannot adapt fast enough.
津巴布韦已经持续六个月没有降雨了
In Zimbabwe, it hasn't rained in six months.
旱季食物匮乏 动物们的觅食行动变得难上加难
During a drought, food becomes harder and harder to find.
微白相思树的荚果中富含蛋白质
Apple-ring acacias produce pods that are full of protein...
但它们大都挂在高高的枝头
...but mostly on their higher branches.
荚果距离地面大约有6米 动物们只能望洋兴叹
Six metres up, they're out of reach
即便是非洲最大型的动物们
even for the continent's largest animals.
这头成年公象每天需要进食大约90公斤的植被来满足生存所需
This bull elephant needs to eat about 90kg of vegetation every day.
它发展出一套独特的生存方法
He's worked out a remarkable way of surviving
来度过食物匮乏的艰难时期
in these lean times.
但是这需要消耗巨大的体力
But it requires great physical strength.
能掌握这项非凡技巧的公象 其实寥寥无几
Only a handful of bulls have mastered the skill.
这头公象体重超过5吨♥
He weighs over five tonnes.
如此非凡的尝试显然具有重要意义
This is a truly monumental effort.
它身边的动物也受益匪浅
Those around him benefit too.
非洲象借助自己的聪明才智努力度过当地千年一遇的
Elephants have used their great intelligence to help them survive
干旱艰难时刻
Africa's driest times for millennia.
但是今天 它们面临一个更大的威胁
But today, they face an even greater threat.
据说 过去曾有多达2000万头大象在非洲大♥陆♥上自♥由♥生活
It's thought that as many as 20 million elephants once roamed the continent,
后来许多因为象牙遭到残忍♥杀害
but many have been killed for their tusks...
象牙以往完全是被用于装饰用途
...their ivory used for entirely ornamental purposes.
如今非洲只剩下大约35万头大象
Now just 350,000 elephants remain.
这些被没收的象牙让人触目惊心
These stockpiles of confiscated tusks
它们是非洲大♥陆♥短短一年
represent half of the elephants killed on the continent