宏观世界（2017）

使树叶由绿色变得
chlorophyll turns the leaves from green
金黄
to gold
在这些空地
in the clearings
可以听到发♥情♥的鹿的吼声
the roars of rutting red deer can be heard
幼虫蜕变已经有几周了
it's a few weeks since the alien larva transformed
在它舒适的巢穴
in its cozy chamber
地下30厘米处
30cm underground
它现在是一只发育完全的雄鹿甲虫
it's now a fully developed male stag beetle
它静静地躺在窝里
he lies quietly on his back in his cradle
为了节省能量几乎不动
barely moving to save energy
它会保持隐藏
it'll remain hidden
在它温暖而安全的小房♥间里
in the warmth and security of his little chamber
免受冬天的摧残
safe from the ravages of the winter
直到春天来临
until spring comes
因为在外面
because outside
天气越来越冷
it's getting cold
睡鼠
the dormouse
早就退到山洞里去了
has long since withdrawn into a cave for winter sleep
蜷成一团取暖
curled up into a ball to stay warm
随着温度骤降
as the temperature plummets
雾变成了白霜
the fog turns into hoar frost
冰冻的水蒸气覆盖大地
a frozen water vapor that covers the landscape
大多数昆虫已经消失了
most insects have disappeared
初霜
but for some
是一个不可思议的警钟
the first frost is an incredible wake up call
温度可以降到零度以下
as soon as the temperature drops below freezing
夜幕降临
and night falls
一个壮观的事件即将展开
a spectacular event unfolds
冬天的飞蛾出现了
the winter moths emerge
起初是这些2厘米长的雄性冬蛾
at first the males of these 2cm long insects
围着树团团转
swarm around the trees
晚些时候
later that night
雌冬蛾爬上树干
winter moth females crawl up the tree trunks
它们看起来像完全不同的物种
they look like a completely different species
是时候找个伴侣了
it's time for them to find a mate
但是它们短小的翅膀对飞行毫无用处
but their small stub wings are useless for flying
相反 它们留在原地
instead they stay put
向空气中散发强烈的气味信息素
and amid strong smelling pheromones into the air
能在1公里外吸引雄性冬蛾
which can attract males from a distance of up to 1km
在零下温度下
in sub 0 temperatures
一对奇怪的情侣在一起了
the oddly matched couples made
此后不久
shortly after
雌性会产下受精卵
the females lay their fertilized eggs
藏在树皮的裂缝里
in cracks in the bark
雄蛾和雌蛾都在几天内死亡
both males and females die within days
不吃不喝
without eating a single meal
它们出来只是为了产卵
they emerge only to produce their eggs
它们能抵御冬天的寒冷
which will withstand the winter cold
在春天孵化
and hatch in the spring
初雪降临
the first snow falls
与冰冷的外界隔绝的地下
underground insulated from the icy outside world
温度稍微暖和一点 也比较稳定
the temperature is slightly warmer and more stable
这是地下昆虫生存的关键
the key to survival for underground insects
一只小蜘蛛
a tiny spider has
进入了蠼螋的繁殖室
entered the breeding chamber of the earwig
它盯上了一个美味的蛋
it's got its eye on a tasty egg
母亲已经提高警惕了
the mother is already on her guard
它在清洁之间交替
she alternates between cleaning
并攻击
and attack
但是蜘蛛不会放弃
but the spider won't give up
母亲再次发起攻击 扬起尾巴准备出击
the mother attacks again raising her tail to strike
钳子的一击就能致命
a blow from those pincers could kill
蜘蛛败退
the spider retreats
一窝蠼螋蛋毫发无损
leaving the clutch of earwig eggs unharm
母亲和孩子暂时安全了
mother and young are safe for now
冬天雪景看起来宁静而美丽
the snowy landscapes look tranquil and beautiful
但可能是致命的
but winter can be deadly
哺乳动物已经进化到有厚厚的
mammals have evolved to have a thick
救生层皮毛
life saving layer of fur
要找到食物是很困难的
it's a struggle to reach food
寒冷意味着它们需要比平时消耗更多的能量
and the cold means they need more energy than usual
随着温度的下降
as the temperature plunges
水流开始冻结
streams started freezing
但在冰下
but under the ice
水温相对比较温暖
the water temperature is relatively warm
还有河床
and the stream bed
温度从不低于4摄氏度
never gets colder than 4 degrees Celsius
蜻蜓若虫在这里过冬
the dragonfly nymph has retreated here for the winter
极大地减缓了它的新陈代谢
the cold dramatically slows its metabolism
所以它静静地躺着等待
so it lies still and waits
靠今年早些时候吃的东西生存
surviving off what it ate earlier in the year
直到春天它才需要再次进食
it won't need to eat again until spring
这个策略
this same tactic
也和水蟑螂一样
is also used by the great diving beetle
冰阻止了它浮出水面透气
the ice stops its surfacing for air
但在它翅膀下面的“氧气瓶”中
but there's enough stored in these
有足够的存储
scuba tanks under its wings
可以持续到春天
to last right through winter
冬季新陈代谢较慢 需要的氧气较少
a slower winter metabolism requires less oxygen
没有食物
and no food
它们平静地躺在河床上等待解冻
they calmly lie on the stream bed waiting for the thaw
一层厚厚的雪现在覆盖着大地
a thick layer of snow now covers the land
在这条白毯子下面的某个地方
somewhere under this white blanket
年轻的
the young
蜂后把自己埋在地下了
hornet queen has buried herself under the earth
忍♥受冬天
and endures winter
它的故居
her former home
长时间抛弃
long abandon
但旧马蜂窝
but the old hornet nest
有访客
has a visitor
鼩鼱不能冬眠
the shrew cant hibernate
它必须全年活跃地捕捉昆虫
it must stay active hunting for insects all year round
否则就会冻死
or it will freeze to death
它搜寻空马蜂窝
it scours the empty hornet nest
找到一些死去的幼虫
to find some dead larvae
在贫瘠的冬天 这是很好的蛋白质
a nice package of protein in the lean winter
隔壁的蜂房♥嗡嗡作响
next door the hive is humming
事实上 天气越冷 嗡嗡声就越大
in fact the colder it gets the louder the buzzing
蜜蜂们挤在一起 叫做
the bees huddled together in what's called
取暖的“冬葡萄”
a winter grape for warmth
即使在零度以下
even in sub 0 temperatures
这里温度保持舒适的20摄氏度
it's a cozy 20 degrees Celsius
在里面
on the inside
蜂群缩小了
the colony has shrunk
但它仍然有大约2万名成员
but it still has about 20,000 members
蜜蜂
the bees flapped
扇动翅膀来增加体温
their wings to increase their body temperature
和产生热量
and generate heat
就像成千上万的小火炉
like thousands of tiny stoves
中心比较暖和
it's warmer at the center
所以它们轮换位置以确保每只蜜蜂
so they rotate places to make sure every b
都会在热点呆上一段时间
get some time in the hotspot
它们拍打的翅膀散发出的热量
the heat from their beating wings
融化它们在夏天储存的蜂蜜
melts the honey they stored in the summer
它们把食物口口相传
they pass it to one another from mouth to mouth
由于团队合作
thanks to teamwork
在拥挤的蜂房♥中间的某个地方
somewhere in the middle of the teeming hive
蜂群中最重要的成员幸存了下来
the most important member of the colony survives
它们的女王
their queen
随着温度逐渐超过零度
as temperatures creep above 0