宏观世界（2017）

当嗡嗡的声音充斥着空气之中
when the sound of buzzing fills the air
在欧洲中部
in central Europe
现在是昆虫王国的旺季
it's summer high season in the insect kingdom
进食时间
a time to feed
还有繁殖的时间
and a time to breed
但
but
随着天气变冷
as it gets colder
昆虫的生活变得艰难起来
life gets tough for insects
有些鸟向南飞
some birds had some
而有一些哺乳动物则努力生存或冬眠
while some mammals hibernate or endeavor to survive
但
but
昆虫都去哪儿了
where do all the insects go
宏 观 世 界
寒冬将至
这是夏末收获的季节
it's late summer harvest time
空气中充斥着嗡嗡声
buzzing and humming fills the air
昆虫收集花蜜和花粉
insects gather nectar and pollen
成熟水果的颜色和光泽
the color and shine of ripe fruit
宣告它们可以被吃掉了
proclaims that they're ready to be eaten
苹果树是这里最吸引人的地方
apple trees are the star attraction here
它们甜美的果实
their sweet fruit
提供了储存卡路里的机会
provides a chance to load up on
在冬天来临之前
calories before winter comes
这里是许多饥饿昆虫的天堂
it's heaven for many hungry insects
每一种都有其独特的发展方式
each has evolved its own
以应对即将到来的冬天
special way of dealing with the coming winter
但它们的道路各不相同
their paths will soon separate as they use
因为使用不同的生存策略
different strategies to survive
掉下来的苹果是大黄蜂的最爱
fallen apples are a favorite of hornets
尽管成年大黄蜂是掠食者
although adult hornets are predators
苹果汁
the juice of apples
是它们不会放弃的一种能量丰富的食物
is an energy rich food they don't pass up
收集珍贵食物来源
gathering this food source
这些燃料是它们为过冬的准备
is the fuel to prepare their colony for the winter
大黄蜂经常在中空的树上筑巢
hornets often build their nest inside hollowed trees
入口处有一只守护大黄蜂
a guardian hornet at the entrance
检查谁来谁走
checks who's coming and going
和扇新鲜空气进里面
and fans fresh air inside
巢的建造从春天就开始了
The nest construction has been underway since the spring
工蜂们不断地扩建它们的房♥屋
workers constantly expand their home with a pulp
由咀嚼过的木头制成纸浆
made of chewed wood
但这巢穴并不是永久性的
but this residents isn't permanent
蜂群只在这里住一个夏天
the colony will only live here for this one summer
在巢穴里
inside the nest
只有一个入口
with his single entrance
里面是充满整个建筑的育儿室
is the nursery which fills the entire structure
这里没有食物仓库
there's no food storage here
工蜂们
and the workers
不知疲倦地用收获的苹果汁喂养幼虫
tirelessly feed the larvae the harvested apple juice
统治蜂群的是体型大得多的蜂后
presiding over the colony is the much bigger queen
它不断地在自己的巢穴里产卵
she continuously lays eggs each into its own cell
夏末时节
now in late summer
这个巢穴是多达700只黄蜂的家
the nest is home to as many as 700 workers
这是它们的人口高峰
this is their peak population
但是没有一个工蜂 甚至是蜂后
but none of the workers and not even the queen
能熬过冬天
will survive the winter
但它们的辛勤工作将确保一个新的女王诞生
but their hard work will ensure a new queen
明年春天就会有一个新的巢穴
and a new colony next spring
就在隔壁
right next door
是昆虫王国的另一个前哨
there's another outpost of the insect kingdom
一个蜂房♥
a honey bee hive
蜜蜂的策略和大黄蜂不同
bees have a different strategy than the hornets
它们的计划是
their plan
让整个巢穴能度过这个冬天
is for the whole colony to survive the winter
黄色花粉粘在工蜂的后腿上
workers with yellow pollen sticking to the back legs
返回蜂房♥卸下它们的战利品
returned to the hive to unload their bounty
但是巢穴的一些成员被禁止进入
but some members of the colony are barred from entering
在蜂房♥入口
at the hive entrance
一场残酷的戏剧正在冬天之前上演
a cruel drama is unfolding ahead of winter
警卫阻止了所有的雄蜂
guards stop all the drones the male bees
无情地驱逐它们
and ruthlessly expel them
现在交♥配♥季节已经结束了
now that the mating season is over
所有雄蜂都被驱逐出蜂巢
all drones are expelled from the hive since
它们不再有任何用处了
they are no longer of any use
雄蜂无法自己喂食
drones are unable to feed themselves so
所以会消耗蜂巢的食物储备
would be a drain on the hives food reserves
它们只能在流放中挨饿
their left to starve in exile
牺牲雄蜂以确保蜂群安全度过寒冬
sacrificed to ensure the colony survives winter
同时 工蜂忙于储存冬季用品
the worker bees busily stock up on winter supplies.
和黄蜂不同的是
unlike hornets
蜜蜂的蜂巢面♥积♥很大
bees have vast areas of the hive
专门用于存储食物
dedicated to storing food
有些富含蛋白质的花粉
some cells hold protein rich pollen
而另一些则是花蜜 花蜜会变稠成蜂蜜
while others hold nectar which will thicken into honey
这些存储是支持蜂巢所必需的物资
these stores are necessary to support the hive
这是一个可以容纳多达六万只蜜蜂的家
which can be home to up the 60,000 bees
蜂后只能活到5年
while the queen can live up to 5 years
而它的工人可以活6年
her workers will only live for
在夏天疯狂的几周
6 frenetic weeks in summer
为冬天的蜂巢做准备
repairing the hive for winter
这一切都是为了让这些幼虫变成冬蜂
it's also that these larvae can become winter bees
最长可存活6个月
which can live up to 6 months
确保蜂巢能挺过寒冷的季节
ensuring the hive survives the cold season
天气仍然温暖宜人
the days still feel pleasantly warm
但随着日落温度会骤降
but as the sunsets temperatures can plot
早晨到了
morning arrives
裹着一层细密凉爽的薄雾
clad in a layer of fine cool mist
露水系住树叶
and dew laces leaves
花朵
blossoms
甚至是蜻蜓的翅膀
and even the wings of dragonflies
和所有昆虫一样 它们是冷血动物
like all insects they are cold blooded
它们的体温
their body temperature
随气温变化而变化
changing with the air temperature
寒冷的夜晚使它们僵硬 动弹不得
the cold night leaves them stiff and unable to move
它们进行日光浴以达到工作温度
they sunbathe to reach operating temperature
大多数成年蜻蜓只能活一个夏天
most adult dragonflies live for only one summer
在冬天来临的时候死去
dying when winter sets it
这是它们的幼虫
it's their larvae
被称为能过冬的若虫
known as nymphs that survive the winter
若虫生活在水下 而且根据物种的不同
the nymph lives underwater and depending on the species
可以在那里存活长达4年
can remain there for up to 4 years
在离开水面成为一只成年蜻蜓之前
before leaving the water to become an adult dragonfly
它通过把水吸进体内来呼吸
it breathes by drawing water into its body
内部有鳃
and over internal gills
相比之下 巨大的水蟑螂
in contrast the great diving beetle
就必须到地表获取氧气
must visit the surface for oxygen
它像潜水者一样用翅膀捕捉空气
it captures air under its wings like a scuba diver
可以在水下停留更长时间
and can then stay submerged for longer periods of time
是个快速伏击猎人
fast moving ambush hunters
能捕获鱼 几乎和它们
they're capable of taking fish almost as
一样大
big as themselves
它们为即将到来的冬天储存卡路里
as they stock up on calories for the coming winter
在水面上 随着秋天的临近
above water as fall approaches
森林中的其它物种
others species of the forest
正接近成熟
are just reaching maturity
蘑菇把它们的帽子伸出地面
mushrooms stretch their caps out of the ground
传播它们的孢子
spreading their spores
并繁衍下一代
and propagating the next generation
它们一年中大部分时间都在地下度过
they spend most of the year beneath the earth surface
菌丝体如同路线一样编织
as mycelium a route like weave
隐藏在森林地面下更深的地方
still deeper under the forest floor