了解宇宙是如何运行的（2010）

How the Universe Works S10E04

Part 1 Aug. 5, 2022, 5:04 p.m.

地球已经有45亿年的历史了
The earth is
over 4.5 billion years old.
它的历史是由一场又一场的
Its history is shaped
by disaster...
灾难塑造的
...after disaster.
[保罗·M·萨特] 小行星和彗星碰撞
[Paul M. Sutter] Asteroid
and comet collisions,
太阳耀斑
flares from the Sun.
[贾尼·拉德堡]大规模灭绝
[Jani Radebaugh]
Mass extinctions,
超新星爆♥炸♥
supernova explosions,
宇宙射线轰炸
cosmic ray bombardment.
你能想到的，我们都经历过
You name it,
we've experienced it.
我们能在这里就是个奇迹
It's kind of a miracle
we're here at all.
这些剧烈的事件可能就是为什么地球上有生命的原因
These violent events
could be why Earth has life
[尼娜·兰扎]我们倾向于把灾难看作是坏事
[Nina Lanza] We tend to thin
of disaster as a bad thing,
但混乱之后可能会出现可能性
but out of chaos
can come possibility.
当我们摧毁一些东西的时候
When we destroy something,
我们也可以创造一些新的东西
we can also create
something new.
地球已经走在生存
Earth has walked
the line between survival..
和毁灭之间
...and destruction.
它一直处在好的灾难和坏的灾难之间
It's tipping that fine
balance of luck
微妙平衡的好运中
between a good disaster
and a bad disaster.
灾难和混乱会是生命的
Could catastrophe and chaos
be the essential ingredient
基本成分吗？
for life?
宇宙是如何运行的
第十季第4集地球的黑暗历史
2021年
2021.
科学家们调查了埋藏在
Scientists investigate
something mysterious
地球深处的神秘事物
buried deep inside the earth
这是我们过去暴♥力♥历史的一个长♥期♥隐藏的线索
It's a long hidden clue
to our violent past.
[米歇尔·塞勒]在地表以下
[Michelle Thaller] Deep down
1800英里深处，我们的地核
1,800 miles
below the surface
of the earth,
被液态岩石包围着
our core is surrounded
by fluid rock,
但在这被液态岩石内部
but inside that,
有600英里高
600 miles high
数千英里宽的区域
and thousands of miles across
密度很大
are two denser regions,
它们就像两只手一样杯状地挤压着我们的地核
and they kind of cup
the core of our planet
like two hands.
其中一个，你知道吗，有半个澳大利亚那么大
One of them is, you know,
half the size of Australia,
for crying out loud.
我是说，下面都是大块的东西
So, I mean, they're
big lumps down there.
他们没有理由在那里
There's no reason
they should be there.
这对我们来说是个谜
It's a mystery to us.
为了解开这个谜团
To solve
this mystery,
科学家们需要探索
scientists need
to examine the rocks
地下1000多英里的岩石
buried over 1,000 miles
beneath the surface.
我们不知道这两块岩石是由什么构成的
We don't really know
what these two big rocks
are made of,
它们位于地核之上
sitting there on the core.
不过，我们已经取样了
However, we've been
able to sample them.
这怎么可能呢？
How in the world
is that possible?
这些斑点实际上是
Well, these blobs are actual
feeding mantle plumes
在地幔中上升的地幔柱
that are rising
up through the mantle.
[丹·杜尔达]例如，冰岛和萨摩亚的火山
[Dan Durda] So, volcanoes
in Iceland and Samoa,
for instance,
会从地幔中挖出一些这样的岩石
will dredge up some
of these lumps of rock
from the mantle.
对我们来说，这是一个难得的机会
It's a precious chance
for us to sample some
of that deep rock
对那些我们通常没有机会看到的深层岩石进行取样
that we'd normally not
get a chance to see.
这些岩石是古老的
These rocks
are old.
非常古老
Very old.
[拉德鲍]事实证明，我们认为
[Radebaugh] It turns out
that the samples in the lav
来自地幔的熔岩样本
that we think came
from these blobs of rock
in the mantle
有45亿年的历史
are 4.5 billion years old.
这和地球的年龄一样古老
That is as old
as the age of the earth.
[杜尔达]所以，它们告诉了我们一些东西，你懂的
[Durda] So, they tell us
something about, you know,
在我们星球形成的早期
how the internal
structure of our planet
was, uh, arranged
我们星球的内部结构是如何安排的
in the earliest days
of the formation
of our planet,
所以从那个时期获取样本是非常非常重要的
so getting samples
from that time is
very, very important.
这些岩石的年龄可能是它们起源的线索
The age
of the rocks may be
a clue to their origin.
它们可以追溯到一个可怕的宇宙大混乱的时代
They date back to a time
of monstrous cosmic mayhem.
[凯文·沃尔什]45亿年前
[Kevin Walsh]
4.5 billion years ago,
太阳系还是一个相当荒凉的地方
the solar system was
still a pretty wild place.
我们正在接近行星形成的末期
We're approaching the end
of the formation of planets.
地球仍在生长
Earth would still be growing.
[詹姆斯·布洛克]那时候的地球，你不一定能认出来
[James Bullock] Back then,
you wouldn't necessarily
recognize the earth.
事实上，你根本认不出地球
In fact, you wouldn't
recognize the earth at all.
例如，没有月亮
For example, no moon.
地球最初形成时没有月球
The earth did not have a moon
when it first formed.
年轻的地球和其他年轻的行星一起围绕太阳运转
The young earth orbits the Sun
with other infant planets.
其中一个是科学家们称为忒伊亚的物体
One of them is an object
scientists call Theia...
……它将和我们的家园发生冲突
...and it's
on a collision course
with our home.
[布洛克]与忒伊亚的相撞将是一件壮观的事件
[Bullock]
The Theia collision would ha
been a spectacular event.
这可能是太阳系形成过程中
It would've been one
of the coolest things
你能看到的
you could possibly witness
最酷的事情之一
in the origin
of the solar system,
当然也是地球历史上最大的事件
certainly the biggest event
in the history of the earth.
[康斯坦丁·巴蒂金]忒伊亚事件
[Konstantin Batygin]
The Theia event is
完全重塑了地球
something that completely
reshaped the earth.
忒伊亚事件之前的地球
The planet that the earth
was before the Theia event
已经永远消失了
is gone forever.
撞击会融化岩石
The impact
melts rock
并释放出十亿吨♥以上的碎片
and throws out over a billio
billion tons of debris.
[塞勒]在这次令人难以置信的碰撞中
[Thaller] During
this incredible collision,
这两个行星实际上是被打碎了
these two planets were
literally broken apart
并合并成一个大行星
and combined
into one big planet.
当熔融的大地开始重新形成时
Huge chunks of Theia
stayed together
巨大的忒伊亚碎片聚集在一起