美国铁路之旅（2016）

你可以看看他从1861年到1865年的照片
You can look at these photographs of him, right, from 61 to 65.
他看起来像是老了二三十岁的样子
He looks like he's aged 20 or 30 years.
随着美国内战拖到了第三年
As the American Civil War dragged on into its third year,
林肯做出了一个大胆的决定 来瓦解这个联盟国
Lincoln made a bold attempt to destabilise the Confederacy.
他发表了一份总统公告
He issued a presidential proclamation to free all slaves
宣布从1863年1月1日起 解放南方各州的所有奴隶
in the rebellious southern states from 1st January 1863.
那些被联邦军队俘虏的奴隶现在可以加入军队
Slaves in areas captured by the Union troops could now join
使得军队规模激增到18万6千人
the army, boosting the ranks by 186,000.
那些留在奴隶主身边的奴隶则想方设法
Those who remained with their masters worked to weaken
削弱南方经济
the Southern economy.
当李将军带着南方同盟军在1865年4月9号♥
When General Robert E Lee surrendered his Confederate Army
投降时 林肯的公告将会
on April 9th 1865, Lincoln's proclamation would lead to
解放所有奴隶
the emancipation of all slaves.
我觉得林肯为这场杀戮的结束而松了一大口气
I think Lincoln felt enormous relief that the slaughter was over.
就是感觉轻松了不少
Just a great sense of relief,
如释重负般
like a weight had been lifted off him.
战争结束了
The war was over.
联邦得以保留 奴隶制正式终结
The Union was saved and slavery was officially ended.
然而 全国范围内种族平等依然是个梦
However, racial equality across the nation remained a dream,
即使在一个世纪以后
even a century later.
在解放宣言颁布100周年之际
On the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation,
大群民众在林肯纪念堂
a vast crowd at the Lincoln
听到了来自马丁 路德金的
Memorial heard an extraordinary speech
一场非凡演说
from Dr Martin Luther King.
我梦想有一天这个国家将会奋起
I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up,
实现其立国信条的真谛
live out the true meaning of its creed -
我们认为这些真理不言而喻
"We hold these truths to be self-evident,
人人生而平等
"That all men are created equal."
但对于林肯而言 内战终结带来的和平
But for Lincoln, the peace brought by the end of the Civil War
将会稍纵即逝
would be short-lived.
仅在几天之后 这位总统前去福特剧院
Just days later, the president went to see a performance
观看一出名为《我们的美国表亲》
of the English farce Our American Cousin
的英国闹剧的演出
at Ford's Theatre.
就在这个礼堂 林肯的悲剧结局上演了
Here, in this auditorium, Lincoln's tragic end was played out.
特里 我从未来过这里
Terry, I've never been here before.
身处在这林肯被刺杀的剧院
I'm very moved to be in the theatre
我非常动容
where Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
他是个狂热的戏剧迷吗
Was he a keen theatregoer?
他是的 林肯热爱戏剧
He was. Lincoln loved the theatre.
看戏剧是他摆脱白宫
Gave him a way to get out of the White House,
从政♥治♥压力中脱身的一种方式
a place to go to decompress from politics.
他曾来过这里数十次
He came to this theatre a good dozen times.
实际上 他就是在这里观看了
In fact, once, he saw John Wilkes Booth,
后来杀害他的凶手威尔克斯 布斯
who would become his murderer, at this very theatre.
- 在台上的表演 - 是的，当时是1865年11月
- Playing onstage. - Playing onstage in November '63,
大约15 16个月之后布斯枪杀了林肯
so some 15, 16 months before Booth shot him.
约翰 威尔克斯 布斯的动机是什么
What was the motive of John Wilkes Booth?
约翰 威尔克斯 布斯是狂热的南方支持者
John Wilkes Booth was a fanatical Southern supporter.
他认为南北战争
He believed that the war
重挫南部各州
was a giant attack upon the Southern states
并且不幸的是，他并没有加入南部同盟军
and, unfortunately, he did not go into the Confederate Army.
我之所以说不幸 是因为这样他就失去了
I say unfortunately because that would have given him
宣泄热情的渠道
an outlet for his passions.
布斯没有加入军队 通过表演 他认识到
By staying out, by acting, Booth realised, you know,
"我虽然在台上饰演英雄 但是我不是一个英雄
"I play a hero onstage, but I'm not one.
我其实是个懦夫
"I'm really a coward."
我认为这种思想不断蚕食他 导致他成为危险人物
And I think it ate into him and made him dangerous.
在刺杀发生当晚
So, on the night of the event,
我猜想林肯总统夫妇
I assume the president and Mrs Lincoln
是坐在我们对面的包厢
would be sitting in the box opposite us.
请向我们描述一下事情的经过
Tell us what happened.
当晚 表演开始于8点15分
The play started at 8:15 that night.
大约10点钟 布斯进入剧院
About ten o'clock, Booth came into the theatre
当时表演还没有结束
while the play was underway
他绕过我们后面的座位
and he walked around the seats behind us
前往通向林肯
to the door leading to
所在包厢的门 因为他非常有名
the State Box and because he was well-known,
人们没有怀疑他为什么会出现
there was no suspicion attached to his presence.
事实上 剧院老板福特一家
In fact, Booth was known and liked by the Ford family
都认识而且喜欢布斯
who owned this place.
所以他可以在剧院内随意走动
And so he had access to all parts of the theatre
也就轻而易举地走到了林肯夫妇旁边
and could simply walk right up to the Lincolns.
林肯夫妇当时正在看表演
Mr and Mrs Lincoln were watching the play, of course.
没有人警惕周围 因为没这个必要
Nobody was looking over their shoulder, why should they?
布斯得以走到总统身后
Booth was able to walk right behind the president
在离他仅几英寸的地方朝他开枪
and from just a few inches, fired a shot that hit him
正好打中林肯的左耳后方
right behind the left ear.
林肯是在剧院去世的么
Did the president die here in the theatre?
不是 林肯伤情很重
No, the president was gravely wounded.
人们都知道他随时可能离世
Everyone realised that he was at imminent risk of death.
但是他们不想让林肯死在剧院
But they didn't want him to die in a theatre.
但是他们也不知道
They didn't know if he
林肯是否能坚持到回白宫
could survive a trip back to the White House,
虽然白宫很近
as close as that is.
所以 他们将林肯送到了对面的公♥寓♥
So, they took him across the street to a boardinghouse
第二天早上7点22分 林肯在那里逝世
and he died there at 7:22 the next morning.
他的遗体由殡葬火车
As his body was transported by funeral train
从华盛顿运往他的家乡 伊利诺斯州的斯普林菲尔德
from Washington to his home in Springfield, Illinois,
美国人♥民♥排列在铁路旁
Americans lined the route
向这位伟大的领袖致以敬意
to pay their respects to the great leader.
林肯的离世对美国而言是巨大损失
It was a tragic loss to the country.
我常常想 我们可以学习很多东西
And I've often thought that there are things you could learn.
例如真♥相♥ 策略 战略
You know, you can learn facts and strategies and tactics,
但是我们永远学不到仁慈 不是么
but you can't learn humanity, right?
你也学不会他的谦逊
You can't learn humility.
在当时 拥有林肯是国家之幸
And the country was very fortunate to have Lincoln when it did.
很美好的想法
A beautiful thought.
俄♥罗♥斯♥ 爱尔兰 西班牙这些欧洲国家
European countries such as Russia, Ireland and Spain
深知内战遗患的漫长与苦涩
know how long and bitter is the legacy of civil war.
亚伯拉罕 林肯 以其人性的光辉
Abraham Lincoln, for all his humanity,
带领北方在内战中大胜同盟军
led the North in a crushing victory over the Confederacy.
而在南方战败州内
And many in the defeated South
必然有很多憎恶他的人 正如那名刺客
must have hated him, as did his assassin.
但是我希望美国的多数民众如今
But I hope that a majority of Americans today,
在凝视纸币上的雕刻画像之时
contemplating his engraved image,
能回忆起林肯曾挽救联邦于水火
would reflect that he saved the Union
也曾将美国于奴隶制的暴行中解放
and liberated the United States from slavery.
下次节目 我将探索
Next time, I'll discover
美国黑奴贸易的残酷现实
the tragic reality of America's slave trade...
当你在出♥售♥一些产品
While you're selling produce
与其他货物的时候 你同时也在贩卖♥♥人口
and other goods, you're selling humans.
了解美国考古
..Get to grips with American archaeology...
- 真抱歉 - 没关系
- I'm so sorry. - It's OK!
并感受华盛顿的韵律
..And get into the swing of Washington.