美国铁路之旅（2016）

计划将花费大约7个小时
Well, it's scheduled to take around seven hours.
但可能会更久
But it can often take longer.
在火车上待7个小时 你觉得满意吗
And you're happy to be on the train for seven hours?
-相同时间下 你可以坐飞机横穿大西洋了 -是的
-You could cross the Atlantic in that time. -I could.
我曾经乘坐协和式客机 所以我知道你是什么意思
I once took the Concorde, so I know what you're talking about.
-在相同时间内你可以横跨大西洋两次
-You could cross the Atlantic twice
-是的 确实是
in that time! -Yes, that's right.
作为1830年代最初的新兴城市
The original 1830s boom town, Rochester became
罗彻斯特市已经成为了世界的面包产地
the world's breadbasket, with 20 flour mills
拥有由珍尼西瀑布供能的20个面粉厂
powered by the Genesee Falls.
但是在十九世纪末
But in the late 19th century,
是乔治 伊士曼的柯达公♥司♥开启了
it was the George Eastman Kodak Company that launched
市场巨大的摄影新时代
a new era of mass-market photography,
为城市带来了繁荣
bringing prosperity to the city.
我正同凯西 康纳一起参观
I'm visiting Cathy Connor
发明家乔治 伊士曼的殖民复兴大宅
at the inventor's Colonial revival mansion,
它是世界上最古老的摄影博物馆的所在地
which houses the world's oldest photography museum.
好了 凯西 这是乔治 伊士曼的房♥子
Well, Cathy, this is the George Eastman house,
一个极好的宅邸
and a wonderful mansion.
他生来的生活就如此豪奢吗 -不 他不是的
Did he begin life like this? -No, he didn't.
刚开始他在当地的保险公♥司♥是一个打杂小弟
First he was an errand boy at a local insurance company,
后来终于当上了当地银行的柜员
and then eventually became a teller at a local bank.
就是在他工作期间
And it was through his job there that he saw
他眼见许多在那时的富人
that many people who were wealthy at the time
都是土地和土地建设方面的投资家
were investors in land and land development.
所以他心想他要前往圣多明哥
So he thought he'd take a trip to Santo Domingo,
在那里他知道有待售土地
where he knew that land was for sale,
最后他购买♥♥了
and eventually purchase
一些他认为可以倒手赚钱的土地
some that he could then sell and make money.
为了记录这次旅行 伊士曼带上了最新的装备
To record the trip, Eastman brought the latest kit
一个大相机 一些化学药品和一个帷帐
a huge camera, chemicals and a tent
可以在帷帐里面 在曝光之前在玻璃板上涂抹感光乳剂
in which to spread emulsion on glass plates before exposing them.
他被深深吸引了 他决定放弃土地交易而去追寻摄影事业
Fascinated, he decided to pursue photography instead of land.
那乔治 伊士曼在早期
And what is it that George Eastman
为摄影做了什么贡献呢
does for photography in the early days?
为摄影做了什么贡献吗 简单地说
Does for photography? Simplifies it.
主要是使得摄影更加容易 所以人们不必
Basically makes it easier, so that you no longer have to have
再体验黑屋子的感觉 事实上你就只是按下一个键
that darkroom experience. You could actually just press a button,
接着 有人就会为你
and then afterwards, somebody else would do that
冲印相片 处理相片
photo finishing and that processing for you.
而那就是他成名之处 他使得相机人人可用
And that's really his claim to fame, putting cameras in the hands
因为人们不用再当一个化学家了
of everyone, because you didn't have to be a chemist any more.
伊士曼的第一个飞跃是胶卷的发明
Eastman's first leap was the roll of film.
其在1884年获得专利
Patented in 1884, it was
胶卷很经济 而且适合每种干片照相机
economical and fitted every plate camera.
接下来 他着手让照相机如同铅笔一样容易使用
Next, he set about making cameras as easy to use as pencils.
这是最原始的柯达相机的实物样板
And this is an example of the original Kodak.
它在1888年开始出♥售♥
Came out in 1888,
在那时它被认为是全自动的
and it was considered totally automatic at that time.
现在说来 有件好笑的事是它没有取景器
Now, the one funny thing is that you had no viewfinder.
人们这样举着照相机
So many people held the camera up here
试着对任何物体聚焦 -
and tried to aim at whatever the subject might be -
他们的朋友或房♥子或房♥前的小鸡
their friend or their home or the chicken in front of the house.
很多时候他们自己都不确定
So many times you're not sure
他们到底在取什么景
what they were actually trying to get in their picture.
实际上 许多时候 人们只有退后一点
In fact, many times, people backed up quite a bit
他们才能确定他们照到了全景
so that they make sure they'd get it all in the frame.
最后 伊士曼找到了装上取景器的方法
Eventually, Eastman found a way to put a viewfinder
并让取景器可以装在相机上
and actually hook it on.
当时取景器被认为是一种附件
It was considered an accessory back then.
这个小家伙呢 这是什么
What about this little fellow here, what's this?
这是小布朗尼
This is the little Brownie
一个很受孩子欢迎的动画人物
character that was very popular with kids.
所以伊士曼先生借用了同样的设计
So Mr Eastman borrowed that same design
用它来向儿童推广照相机
and used it to market these cameras to children.
最初 布朗尼照相机只卖♥♥一美元
Initially, the Brownie camera was only a dollar.
这款在顶部有一个取景器
This one has a viewfinder in the top,
所以你要朝下看
so you would have to look down,
确保你取得的是你想要呈现在相框里的景
make sure that you were getting what you wanted in your frame.
接着你按一下
And then you would actually click
这个小按钮来照相
this little thing to take the picture.
多惊人啊
Isn't that amazing?
我母亲曾有一台老布朗尼相机
My mother had quite an old Brownie, and I remember how difficult
我记得在取景器里成像是非常困难的
it was just get the image in the viewfinder.
但是这的确是一个多么精巧的物件啊 在这里 大概是
But isn't that an exquisite item? And here, presumably, is the...
你照一张相 就转动胶卷一次
You roll the film once you took each picture.
乔治 伊士曼向大众推广摄影后
George Eastman's introduction of photography to the masses
又通过精明的广♥告♥策划巩固了其地位
was underpinned by a clever advertising campaign...
您按下按钮 我们奉上相片
You pressed the button, we do the rest.
广♥告♥主旨是 如果你在埃及的一头骆驼上
The idea was that if you were on a camel in Egypt
你用完了胶卷 但你想用相机继续照相
and you ran out of film and you wanted to get your picture
那里会有一个商店
on that camera, there would be a store -
或是一个骑着骆驼赶来的人
or actually the man running the camel rides
可以卖♥♥给你一卷柯达胶卷
would actually be able to sell you a Kodak roll of film.
乔治 伊士曼的柯达公♥司♥使得他成为了
The Eastman Kodak Company made George Eastman
那个时代领先的工业家和慈善家之一
one of the leading industrialists and philanthropists of his day.
他捐赠了很多钱 可能超过一亿美元
He gave away a lot of money, probably over 100 million.
他认为教育是很关键的
Education was key.
他不仅捐助了生活在罗彻斯特社区的人
Not only education for the people that lived
还捐助了其他国家的人
in the Rochester community, but people internationally as well.
而且他也热心于牙医事业
And very big into dentistry.
当时他的母亲有一颗坏牙
His mom had bad teeth,
然后她就在没有麻♥醉♥药♥的情况下 在厨房♥桌子边拔掉了她的牙
and she had her teeth pulled at the kitchen table without
在那之后几年 他一直记着此事
anaesthetic. He remembered that for years to come,
所以他想要人们能得到好的牙科护理
so he wanted people to have good dental care,
在今后的生活中不受这些问题的烦扰
to not have those problems later on in their life.
柯达公♥司♥ 像通用电气公♥司♥一样
Kodak, like the General Electric Company,
诞生于美国的全盛期
emerged in America's heyday.
这些行业巨头茁壮成长于
These giants of industry grew within a confident new superpower
一个自信满满并将超越欧洲的新超级大国
that would soon overtake Europe.
但是多亏了珍妮西河
But it was thanks to the Genesee River and the building
和伊利运河的修建
of the Erie Canal that
北部的纽约才得以实现了工业化
upstate New York was able to industrialise.
我仍然不能解释为什么上帝选择了这个地区
I still can't account for why God chose this region to
来向约瑟夫 史密斯道明真理
reveal his purpose to Joseph Smith,
但是那次显灵
but that apparition now
决定了一千五百万摩♥门♥教♥徒的生活
determines the lives of 15 million Mormons.
另一方面 爱迪生和伊士曼的远见
On the other hand, the visions of Edison and Eastman
也改变了我们每个人的生活
have changed the lives of every single one of us.
下一♥期♥节目 我将参观
Next time, I visit what
世界粮食火车的中心
was the centre of the world's grain train.
高峰时 水牛城会运输足够多的粮食来供养
At its peak, Buffalo moved enough grain to feed every person
如今的每一个美国人 每周都有一条面包
in the United States, today, a loaf of bread, every single week.
在水牛城 我会品尝美食
I have a bite to eat in Buffalo.
我们按照10 20 50的递增量来提供这些食物
They come in increments of ten. 10, 20, 50.
-50个吗 -50个鸡翅
-50?! -50 wings.
然后在世界上自然奇观之一
And finish with a splash
被溅得一身水后 结束我的旅程
at one of the natural wonders of the world.
睁大你的眼睛 人们 这值得一看
Keep your eyes open, people, it's worth seeing!