美国铁路之旅（2016）

definitely someone who would probably eat here
会是杰 古尔德
would've been Jay Gould
古尔德是纽约人 实际上他最开始的工作
And Jay Gould is from New York and he started his career
是一个铁匠的记账员
as a book-keeper to a blacksmith actually
而那之后很快 在内战之前
And then relatively quickly right before the Civil War
他开始投资纽约的铁路 本地的铁路
began investing in New York railroads local railroads
在内战之后
And after the Civil War
当那机会 其实就是
when that opportunity for real
西部扩张井喷的时候
just westward expansion exploded
他很快就资本化 并开始
he really capitalised on that very quickly and began
在一系列商业联♥系♥
through a series of business connections
和政♥府♥关联下 大笔大笔地给铁路投资
and government relations to invest very heavily in railroads
在他权力巅峰的19世纪80年代
At the height of Gould's power in the 1880s
他控制了美国铁路总长的七分之一
he controlled one seventh of the entire American rail network
虽然大亨们的商业惯例
Although tycoons' business practices
和他们对待工人的方式多有不同
and their treatment of workers varied
古尔德和其余一众投资人 像范德堡
Gould and fellow industrialists like Vanderbilt
和卡内基 常被公众称为强盗大亨
and Carnegie were popularly labelled 'robber barons'
这并不是一个好名声 在任何意义上
It's not a flattering name by any means
而它所综合的就是
and what it basically combines is
美国人对于贵族长久以来的怀疑
a pretty longstanding American scepticism about aristocracy
和对于这种普遍恶行的厌恶
with a dislike for sort of common criminality
那他们是这样的吗 他们确实不诚信吗
And were they? Were they dishonest?
是的 我会说他们绝大多数的业务都是很不诚信的
Yes I would say a lot of the practices they engaged with were pretty dishonest
他们对他们的员工非常粗暴
They were very brutal to their employees
他们对上自己的竞争对手时毫不留情
they were very ruthless with their competitors
并且他们非常依赖
and they relied very very heavily on
类似腐♥败♥的政♥治♥关系
sort of corrupt political connections
以确保他们的企业能够成功
to ensure that their enterprises succeeded
没有联邦政♥府♥的支持 铁路不可能建成
The railroads could not have been built without federal support
而像古尔德这样的人知道这点
and someone like Gould knew that
古尔德最臭名昭著的关系
And Gould's most probably infamous relationship
是和一个纽约的政客 威廉
was with a New York City politician William
又被称为特威德老大
or 'Boss' Tweed
他们的关系十分紧密
and their dynamic was very close
当特威德老大最后因挪用公♥款♥被捕时
When Boss Tweed was finally caught for embezzlement charges
古尔德还清了他 我相信 一百万美金的债券
Gould paid his I believe 1 million dollar bond
你能想象吗 当时
Do you think it's conceivable then
一个强盗资本家和
that a robber baron met here
一个腐♥败♥的政客在这里吃着龙虾纽堡
with a corrupt politician over a Lobster Newburg?
我会 我绝对可以想象
I would I would absolutely say that
很有可能
there's a very strong possibility that
古尔德和特威德老大可能就坐在那儿
Jay Gould and William 'Boss' Tweed could have sat right over there
今晚虽没有金钱交易
No money has changed hands this evening
但和你共进晚餐很愉快
but it has been a pleasure dining with you
-谢谢你 -非常感谢
-Thank you -Thank you so much
或许纽约是个不夜城
New York might be the city that never sleeps
不过在这次晚餐之后 我不想再继续享乐了
but after that fine dinner I won't attempt to keep up
就让这整天热闹的曼哈顿独自继续吧
I'll let the 24-hour hum of Manhattan continue without me
今天早上 我在曼哈顿中♥央♥公园
This morning I'm starting the day
开始了新的一天
in Manhattan's Central Park
用一份晨报唤醒自己
with the morning papers
纽约报纸回顾 1879年
New York newspaper review 1879
纽♥约♥时♥报♥ 在食人魔约翰史密斯这个标题下
In the New York Times under the heading 'John Smith Cannibal'
我们了解到 一位在马萨诸赛州以爬虫为食
we learn that the Massachusetts herdsman who eats reptiles
并且想要吃人肉的牧人 曾是一名水兵
and would like to eat human flesh is a former marine
这里有一篇来自英国伦敦的
There's a report from London England
国会委员会对于电气照明的报告
that a Parliamentary committee's report on electric lighting
称他们已取得充足的成就
says that sufficient progress has been made
以支持电力前途无量的这一观点
to encourage the belief that electricity has an important future
尤其是在照明领域和机械能源领域
for illuminating and as a source of mechanical power
纽约先驱报
The New York Herald covers
在它的第一版刊登了一篇麦芽酒广♥告♥
its front page with an advertisement for ale
不过翻开这页 则描述了一场令人痛心的铁路事故
but inside a harrowing description of a railroad accident
这看起来是本年度最引人瞩目的事故之一了
It seems that one of the most remarkable accidents of the age
发生在切萨皮克-俄亥俄线上
occurred on the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad
这辆火车正以每小时三十英里的速度行驶 突然脱轨
The train was going at 30mph when it jumped the track
头等车厢的后车钩分成两截
and the coupling of the rear first class coach snapped in two
车厢翻滚了几周
and the coach went rolling over and over
滚到三十英尺以外的斜坡
down the declivity a distance of 30 feet
掉入了绿蔷薇河
to the Greenbrier River
残酷的罪行 简直是对于未来和
So gory tales of crime predictions of the future
意外的预言
and accidents
这里并无太大差别
Nothing changes much
在中♥央♥公园的最东端
At the eastern edge of Central Park
在第五大道和82号♥大街的交叉点
on 5th Avenue and 82nd Street
阿普尔顿说过我能在这里找到
Appleton's says that I'll find
一幢巨大的建筑 即大都会艺术博物馆
'The spacious building 'Of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
一座古典艺术的精美宝库
'A fine collection of the Old Masters
由城中富有的好心人赞助
'Loaned by the wealthy virtuous of the city
许多在会议室里打硬式棒球的强盗资本家
Many of the robber barons who played hardball in the boardroom
在会议室外是慷慨的慈善家
proved generous philanthropists outside it
如今 大都会博物馆成为
Today the museum is the third-most-visited
美国第三以及世界第七的最受欢迎景点
in the United States and the seventh most popular globally
我与博物馆的档案员吉姆 马斯克会面
I'm meeting Jim Moske archivist at the Met
以探寻火车时代的大亨们是如何
to find out how the riches of the railway age provided a boon
为纽约城的艺术爱好者创造了这一艺术天堂
for the city's art lovers
吉姆 作为一个欧洲人 最让我感到震惊的
Jim what is so striking to me as a European
是这些无与伦比的艺术收藏居然不是国家级的
is that this amazing collection of art is not a national gallery
-当时是怎么开始的呢 -没错
-How did it all start? -That's right
这的确不是一座国家级别的艺术馆
it's not a national gallery
大都会博物馆创立于1870年
The Metropolitan it was founded in 1870
由一群有公众责任感的纽约市民创建
by a group of public-spirited citizens of New York
他们中间有艺术收藏家 商人
who were art collectors businessmen
金融家 银行家 诸如此类
financiers and bankers and the like
在19世纪 做铁路生意很容易赚钱
Railroads were a big way of making a fortune in the 19th century
这跟博物馆的创建有什么密切的联♥系♥吗
Are they strongly connected with the origins of the museum?
许多早期的董事会成员
Many of the early trustees of the museum
都是做铁路生意的
were involved in the railroad industry
实际上 博物馆的第一位主席
In fact the museum's first president
约翰 泰勒 约翰斯顿
was a man named John Taylor Johnston
一位艺术品收藏家和艺术赞助人
who was an art collector and a patron of the arts
不过他也是一名商人
but he was also a businessman
新泽西中♥央♥铁路公♥司♥的董事长
who was the president of the Central New Jersey Railroad
那像他这种人在当时会赢得大家的好感吗
And do we have a good feel for what kind of a man he was?
是的 约翰斯顿对他的生意
Yeah Johnston was a very curious man
怀有很强的求知欲
in his business matters
他在投资之前做了许多调查
and did lots of research before he leapt into any investment
所以 作为一个对投资铁路建设有兴趣的人
so as a person interested in financing railroad construction
他自己经常会乘火车出行
he travelled the rails quite often himself
约翰斯顿在1870到1879年间担任董事长
Johnston remained president of the Met from 1870 to 1879
兼运营博物馆
As well as running the museum
馆里的展品最初是他的个人藏品
he seeded its galleries from his personal art collection
我知道你对铁路很感兴趣
Now I know you're obsessed with railroads
所以我想让你看看这副画
so I'd like you to take a look at this picture
是美国的类型艺术家爱德华 朗姆森 亨利的作品
by American genre artist Edward Lamson Henry
其实他是由约翰 泰勒 约翰斯顿赞助的
And this was actually commissioned by John Taylor Johnston
他想要这样的一幅画来装饰自己的家
He wanted a scene like this to decorate his home
以提醒他的钱是如何赚来的 我猜
to remind him of how he was making his money I guess
约翰斯顿付给亨利500美金买♥♥下这幅画
MJohnston paid Henry 500 dollars for this painting
亨利当时还是个年轻画家
Henry at that time was quite a young artist
所以对事业刚起步的他来说是笔不错的数目了
and it was a tidy sum for him at that point of his career
巨贾中的很多人实际上对艺术都捐赠了很多
Many of these tycoons actually made great donations of art
他们中的一些人都以强盗大亨而闻名于世
Some of them were known as robber barons
我想知道 他们为什么会在艺术上捐赠那么多
I'm wondering why did they make donations?
是有什么悖论吗 或者有什么解释
Is there a paradox here or is there an explanation?
嗯 我认为 对于他们当中与大都市博物馆和其他机构
Well I think for many of them who had longstanding ties
有长♥期♥合作关系的很多人来说
to the Metropolitan and other institutions
他们有诚意想要
they felt genuine senses of wanting
和普通大众分享他们的审美体验
to share their aesthetic experience with the general public
他们中的其他人 坦白说 我认为