宇宙时空之旅：未知世界（2020）

Cosmos: Possible Worlds S01E07

Part 3 Aug. 24, 2022, 10:55 a.m.

一次又一次
again and again.
花的时代已经开始
The Age of the Flowers had begun.
蜜蜂是时间的主人
Bees are masters of time,
跨越一亿年
traveling across 100 million years,
而且磨损也不差
and they are none the worse for wear.
这些众生比其他人做得更多
These beings did more than anyone else to fill the
生命宫与寄托和美丽
Palace of Life with sustenance and beauty.
我们稍后将在航行中探索其宝藏和奥秘
We will explore its treasures and mysteries later on our voyage.
千百年来，
For thousands of years,
蜜蜂已经成为盲目的行业的象征
bees have been symbols of mindless industry.
我们一直认为它们就像
We always think of them as being something like
生物机器人，注定要步步为营，
biological robots, doomed to live out their lives in lockstep,
被自然赋予的沉闷角色束缚
shackled to the dreary roles assigned to them by nature.
这是我们的第一个接触故事
This is our first contact story.
它发生在奥地利乡村一个叫做Brunnwinkl的地方，
It happened in a place called Brunnwinkl in rural Austria,
在1900年代初期
in the early 1900s.
从卡尔·冯·弗里施（Karl von Frisch）小时候开始，
From the time Karl von Frisch was a child,
他渴望了解其他动物知道什么，
he longed to understand what the other animals knew,
他们如何看待世界
how they perceived the world.
他想知道小鱼是否看到了颜色，
He wanted to know if tiny fish saw color,
或有嗅觉
or had a sense of smell.
他发明了实验来探索动物的经历，
He invented experiments to explore animal experience,
然后他拍摄了它们
and he filmed them.
从20世纪初期开始，
Starting in the early 20th century,
他是第一个使用新的电影摄影媒体的人
he was the first to use the new medium of motion pictures
创造科普娱乐和交流
to create popular science entertainment and communication.
千百年来，
For thousands of years,
人类注意到蜜蜂的怪舞
humans have noted the eccentric dances of the bees.
但是没有人以那种尊重的态度看着他们
But no one had ever looked at them with the kind of respect
认为他们跳舞是有原因的
that assumed there was a reason to their dancing.
在卡尔·冯·弗里施（Karl von Frisch）之前，
Before Karl von Frisch,
没人想过问他们为什么要这样走，
no one ever thought to ask why they moved this way and
这样一连串精心制♥作♥的数字八
that way in a succession of elaborate figure eights...
冯·弗里施（Von Frisch）研究了每个微小的蜜蜂手势，
Von Frisch studied every tiny bee gesture,
并被他无法解释的谜团迷住了
and became fascinated by a mystery he couldn't explain.
他会给蜜蜂放一盘糖水
He would set out a dish of sugar water for a bee from
他的实验性蜂巢
his experimental hive.
蜜蜂在回国之前会饱餐一顿
The bee would feast upon it before flying back home.
标记的蜜蜂稍后将在用餐
The marked bee would later return to dine on
美味的糖水
the delicious sugar water.
冯·弗里施（Von Frisch）指出，在短短几个小时内，
Von Frisch noted that in just a few hours,
许多其他的蜜蜂也会加入她的行列
a multitude of other bees would join her there.
他们一直都是她的蜂巢伴侣
They were always her fellow hive mates.
但这真是令人惊讶的事情
But here was the really amazing thing,
冯·弗里施（von Frisch）知道其他蜜蜂没有
von Frisch knew that the other bees had not
跟随标记的蜜蜂到达饲养地点
followed the marked bee to the feeding place.
怎么样？
How?
因为他一直都在密切监视蜂巢
Because he had the hive closely watched at all times.
他很小心地用糖水，而不是蜂蜜，
He had been careful to use sugar water, and not honey,
蜜蜂的嗅觉无法引导他们获得奖励
so that the bees' sense of smell could not guide them to the reward.
他继续把那盘糖水移到更远的地方，
He continued to move the dish of sugar water farther away,
直到距离蜂巢几公里
until it was several kilometers from the hive.
仍然，蜂巢伴侣会找到办法
Still, the hive mates would find their way to it.
那么，彩绘的蜜蜂如何显示出确切的位置
So, how did the painted bee reveal the exact location
精确的糖水使她的蜂巢交♥配♥
of the sugar water with such precision that her hive mates
可以毫无错误地找到那里的路吗？
could unerringly find their way there?
她的编舞里有一条秘密信息
There was a secret message in her choreography.
在无数代观察者看来
What had seemed to countless generations of observers
无非是无意义的
to be nothing more than the meaningless,
愚蠢的动物的痉挛动作实际上是一个复杂的信息，
spasmodic motions of a dumb animal was actually a complex message,
由数学，天文学，
an equation informed by mathematics, astronomy,
对时间有敏锐的了解
and an acute knowledge of time,
全部合成来传达财富的位置
all synthesized to convey the location of the riches
她希望与她的姐♥妹♥们♥分享
she hoped to share with her sisters.
舞者利用了我们的恒星，太阳的角度，
The dancer used the angle of our star, the sun,
指出食物位置的大致方向
to indicate the general direction of the food's location.
冯·弗里施（Von Frisch）指出，当蜜蜂直舞向上时，
Von Frisch noted that when a bee danced straight upward,
她的意思是“飞向太阳”
she meant, "fly toward the sun."
当她向下移♥动♥时，她的意思是“飞离它”
And when she moved downward, she meant, "fly away from it."
她左右旋转，传达了食物在太空中的确切坐标，
Her swivels left and right conveyed the food's exact coordinates in space,
有时只有几公里远
sometimes kilometers away.
她的舞蹈时间只有几分之一秒，
The duration of her dance, down to a fraction of a second,
指出了她的蜜蜂要到达那里需要多长时间
indicated the length of time it would take her fellow bees to get there.
她甚至考虑了风速来更好地校准她跳舞的信息
She even factored in wind speed to more finely calibrate the message she danced.
在一年中的任何时候都是如此，
And this was true at any time of the year,
从一个蜂巢到另一个蜂巢，从一个大♥陆♥到另一个大♥陆♥
and from hive to hive, from continent to continent.
蜜蜂可以算算
Bees can do the math.
为什么将其称为第一个联♥系♥方式？
Why do I call this a first contact story?
您可以想象的两种不同的物种，
Two species as different as any you can imagine,
人类和蜜蜂在进化途径上进化
humans and bees, evolved on evolutionary pathways that
在6亿年前发散了
diverged 600 million years ago.
然而，据我们所知，这两个物种
And yet, these two species and as far as we know,
只有他们和我们在这个星球上，
only they and we on this planet,
设法创建一种书面的象征性语言
managed to create a symbolic language written
在数学和科学领域
in mathematics and science.
我们与蜜蜂并肩生活了数千年，
We lived side-by-side with the bees for millennia,
从来没有梦想过他们的沟通的复杂性
never dreaming of the complexity of their communications.
从那以后的几十年里，我们对蜜蜂社会的了解
What we've learned about bee society in the decades since
冯·弗里施（von Frisch）使我们最崇高的人类愿望蒙羞，
von Frisch puts some of our loftiest human aspirations to shame,
并永远改变我们关于地球上智能生命的观念
and changes forever our idea of intelligent life on Earth.
我们生活在世界民♥主♥制时代
We live in a time when the world's democracies are
比以往任何时候都更加脆弱
even more fragile than ever.
但是地球上的某些地方并非如此
But there are places on Earth where that's not true.
每个人都有声音的地方
Where every individual has a voice.
腐♥败♥不明的地方
Where corruption is unknown.
社区只有在到达时才行动
Where the community acts only when it has arrived
通过理性和辩论达成共识
at consensus through reason and debate.
这就是这些地方之一
This is one of those places.
与普遍的看法相反，蜂巢不是君主制
Contrary to popular belief, the hive is no monarchy.
女王不是控制其他蜜蜂的绝对统治者
The queen is no absolute ruler controlling the other bees.
女王的角色几乎完全是生殖的
The queen's role is almost entirely reproductive.
任何雌蜂，而这就是绝大多数的蜜蜂，
Any female bee, and that's what the vast majority of bees are,
只要有适当的食物和成长空间，就可以登上王位
can ascend to the throne given the right food and the space to grow.
天气转暖，树木开花时，
When the weather warms, and the trees bloom,
她亲切地将权杖传给了新一代皇后
she graciously passes her scepter to a new generation of queens.
那是一个蜂巢生命中的时间，
That's the time in the life of a hive,
在春末或初夏，
in late spring or early summer,
当大约一半的蜂巢蜜蜂，其中约10,000只，
when about half the hive's bees, around 10,000 of them,
变得焦躁不安
grow restless.
他们认为是时候离开母亲的蜂巢了，
They decide it's time to leave the mother hive,
找到一个新的殖民地，他们不知道在哪里
to found a new colony, they know not where.
一旦他们离开，就不会回头
Once they depart, there's no turning back.
勇往无前地离开家，
It takes courage to leave home with no way back,
冒险，选择未知的事物
to risk everything, and choose the unknown.
推和推并不意味着敌对
That pushing and shoving is not meant to be hostile.
工人们把女王严格地对待
The workers are putting the queen on a rigorous
运动计划，以便她可以减轻体重，
exercise program so that she can lose weight,
并恢复飞行状态
and get back into flying shape.
一切准备就绪
When everything's ready,
是时候开始他们的冒险之旅了
it's time for the first leg of their odyssey.
现在是时候蜂拥而至
It's time to swarm.
现在在原配置单元中在她的宝座上安装了新的女王，
With a new queen now installed on her throne in the original hive,
老太后在这个地方很自豪
the old Queen Mother has pride of place at the very
冒险家群的中心
center of the swarm of adventurers.
数以百计的最高级成员，童军，
Hundreds of their most senior members, scouts,
被派往半径五公里的侦察任务
are dispatched on missions of reconnaissance over a five kilometer radius.
侦察员重新探寻当地树木，以获得最佳的新家
The scouts reconnoiter the local trees for the best possible new home.
他们非常挑剔
And they're extremely picky.
不仅任何地方都可以
Not just any place will do.
前门，树洞，
The front door, a hollow in a tree,