宇宙时空之旅：未知世界（2020）

Cosmos: Possible Worlds S01E04

Part 3 Aug. 24, 2022, 10:55 a.m.

Me, I'm nothing special.
我的兄弟物理学家谢尔盖
It's my brother Sergey, the physicist,
才是出色人才
who's the brilliant one.
瓦维洛夫知道每棵幼苗都包含着该物种的独特信息
Vavilov knew that every seedling contains its species' unique message.
内容不一样
The content's different,
但都是用一种神秘语言编写
but they were all written in a mysterious language.
再往后几十年间都无法破译
One that would not be deciphered for decades.
瓦维洛夫想要保留生命古老手稿中的每个句子
Vavilov wanted to preserve every phrase of life's ancient scripture,
以确保生命能顺利进入未来
to ensure its safe passage to the future.
他是最早明白生物多样性至关重要的人
He was among the first to grasp the critical importance of biodiversity.
瓦维洛夫提出了一个全新的概念
Vavilov came up with an entirely new concept.
全球种子库
A world seed bank that he hoped would be impervious
他希望这能够不受战争以及自然灾害的影响
to war and natural catastrophe.
这一人道主义目标带有一个科学基础
And there was a scientific underpinning to this humanitarian goal.
如果能找到我们吃的植物的最古老活标本
If you could find the earliest living specimens of the plants we eat,
就能分♥析♥它的句子破译生命的语言
you could parse its sentences and decipher life's language.
也能知道生命是如何随着时间变化
You could know how it changed over time.
这份解密内容能让编写新信息变得可能
This decryption would make it possible to write new messages.
为了种出不受疾病
To grow food immune to disease,
真菌和昆虫影响还能够抗旱的粮食
fungus and insects and resistant to drought.
瓦维洛夫将成为五大洲的植物猎人
Vavilov would become a hunter of plants on five continents,
冒险前往之前没有科学家敢踏足之地
venturing to places no scientist dared go before him.
没有地图和道路瓦维洛夫是第一位
Without maps or roads, Vavilov was the first European
冒险进入阿富汗山区的现代欧洲人
in modern times to venture into the mountainous regions of Afghanistan.
这里充满部落冲突和其他危险
Riddled with tribal clashes and other dangers,
瓦维洛夫对人类在河流三角洲
Vavilov was suspicious of the prevalent hypothesis that
发明农业的主流假设感到怀疑
humans invented agriculture in the river deltas.
他推断偏远的山区据点
He reasoned that remote mountain strongholds would
应该是更安全的耕地
be a much safer place to farm.
远离路人的随意搜刮
Far from the casual plundering of passersby.
当瓦维洛夫冒着生命危险
As Vavilov risked life and limb,
在五大洲寻找种子
searching for seeds on five continents,
他大胆冒进的传奇跟身为科学天才的声誉齐名
his legend as a daredevil equalled his reputation for scientific genius.
1927年在当时的阿比西尼亚现在的埃塞俄比亚
In 1927, in what was then Abyssinia, now Ethiopia,
瓦维洛夫发现了所有咖啡的源头
Vavilov discovered the mother of all coffee.
这也是一件好事
It was a good thing too.
因为他需要整晚熬夜守卫营地
Because he needed to stay awake all night guarding the camp.
当瓦维洛夫等待获准进入内陆时
As Vavilov waited for permission to travel into the interior,
意外收到了
he was surprised to receive an invitation from
埃塞俄比亚摄政王和未来皇帝拉斯塔法里的邀请
the regent and future emperor of Ethiopia, Rastafari.
他后来也被世人成为海尔塞拉西
Or as the world would come to know him, Haile Selassie.
瓦维洛夫后来回忆说
Vavilov later recalled...
当时只有我们两个人
It was just the two of us.
他兴味盎然地问起我的国家
He questioned me with great interest about my country
和我们的革命
and its revolution.
我告诉他我们的国父列♥宁♥已经去世
I informed him that Lenin, our founder, had died,
现在约瑟夫·斯大林接掌政♥府♥
and Joseph Stalin now ruled.
我告诉拉斯塔法里斯大林抢劫一家银行
I told Rastafari how Stalin's armed robbery of a bank had
为革命筹集了300万美元
raised $3 million for the revolution and made him
20年前他因此成为俄♥国♥的民间英雄
a folk hero in Russia 20 years before.
当瓦维洛夫持续在全球追寻种子和知识时
As Vavilov continued his global quest for seeds and knowledge,
苏共中♥央♥关于授予李森科等同志斯大林科学奖的决定
特罗菲姆·李森科瓦维洛夫的众多门徒之一
Trofim Lysenko, one of Vavilov's numerous
开始建立自己的名声
protégé's was beginning to make a name for himself.
冬天的新鲜绿豆
Fresh green peas in the wintertime?
听起来好得令人难以置信吗
Sound too good to be true?
赤脚植物专家李森科所说的是千真万确
Not if barefoot plant expert Trofim Lysenko has anything to say about it.
他没上过大学或在实验室里盯着苍蝇毛茸茸的腿
No universities or staring at the hairy legs of flies in laboratories for him.
也没有进行奢华的异国旅行去追寻古老芦笋
No lavish trips to foreign lands in pursuit of ancient asparagus.
他是在祖国苏联的农田里用农民的方式进行实践
He does it the peasant way in the fields of Mother Russia.
多亏了他今年一月豌豆将会出现在餐桌上
And there'll be green peas on the table this January thanks to him.
在斯大林按部就班
As Joseph Stalin was having all his political
杀光所有政♥治♥对手同时
rivals systematically murdered,
他开始大刀阔斧地拆解苏联的农业结构
he began to slash away at the structure of Russian agriculture.
他宣称目标是让苏联农业现代化
His stated goal was to modernize Soviet agriculture.
但结果却是一场灾难
But the result was catastrophic.
斯大林下令
Stalin ordered the Kulaks,
把称为富农的较富裕农民
as the more prosperous peasants were known,
作为一个阶级进行清算
to be liquidated as a class.
共有五百万到一千万人死于饥荒
Between five and ten million people perished of famine.
但对李森科来说这场重大悲剧是大好机会
But to Trofim Lysenko, this massive tragedy was an opportunity.
李森科痛恨拥有知识和名望的瓦维洛夫
Lysenko hated Vavilov for his knowledge and fame,
阴险如蛇的他
and like the snake that he was;
明确知道攻击时机
he knew exactly when to strike.
到最后他的毒液将会致命
And ultimately, his venom would be fatal.
伊甸园一定在中亚此地
The Garden of Eden must have been somewhere near
附近某处因为最早的苹果就生长在这里
here in central Asia because this is where the first apples grow.
瓦维洛夫走遍全世界确认这些种子
Vavilov traveled the world identifying the first
在地球上最早出现的地点
places on Earth to bear these seeds.
并收集所有种子样本加以保管
Collecting samples of each for safekeeping.
瓦维洛夫总共带回了25万个种类的种子
All in all, Vavilov brought back a quarter of a million varieties of seeds.
瓦维洛夫返回的苏联已经是不同国家
The Russia Vavilov returned to was a different country.
惨遭史上最严重的饥荒重创
One in the grip of the most vicious famine it had ever known.
革命的兴奋乐观情绪已经被恐惧和绝望取代
The heady optimism of the revolution had been replaced with dread and despair.
瓦维洛夫的植物工业研究所
Vavilov's institute of plant industry,
位于当时名为列♥宁♥格勒的城市
in the city that was then called Leningrad,
现在收藏了世上最大量的遗传信息
was now the largest collection of genetic information on Earth.
他的团队开始对每颗珍贵种子进行分类编目
His team began to sort and catalogue every precious seed.
他们孜孜不倦地工作
They worked tirelessly,
仿佛肩负所有饥饿俄♥国♥人的性命
as if the life of every hungry Russian depended on them.
斯大林同志
Comrade Stalin.
我要向您报告对我们国♥家♥安♥全♥至关重要的消息
I have something of vital importance to our nation's security to tell you.
我知道这个国家为什么挨饿
I know why the country starves and I know how to turn famine
我也知道怎么把饥荒变成大丰收
into plenty so that you may triumph over all those who
让您能够战胜所有企图攻击您的人
seek to undermine you.
若是如此李森科同志
Well then, Comrade Lysenko,
你一定是个力量强大的人
you must be a very powerful man.
科学家们在欺骗您
The scientists are lying to you.
查尔斯·达尔文格雷戈尔·孟德尔尼古拉·瓦维洛夫都是骗子
Charles Darwin, Gregor Mendel, Nikolai Vavilov, all liars.
同志您觉得长颈鹿为什么会有长脖子
Comrade, why do you think the giraffe has a long neck?
长颈鹿
A giraffe?
你为何要浪费我的时间
Why are you wasting my time?
因为那样它才可以啃树顶上的叶子
So it can nibble on leaves at the top of the trees?
完全正确
Exactly.
但是科学家们说不是这样
But the scientists say no.
他们相信叫做基因的假想隐形东西
They believe in imaginary, invisible entities called
说基因会被一种同样无形的力量改变
genes that somehow get changed by equally invisible forces
让长颈鹿有长脖子
that tell the giraffe to have a long neck
让鸡有短脖子
and a chicken to have a short one.
我不相信虚构出来的东西
I don't believe in imaginary things.
但瓦维洛夫相信这就是我们的人♥民♥为什么会挨饿的原因
But Vavilov does and that's why our people starve.
当他去收集纪念品的时候
While he's been off collecting souvenirs,
我一直在想方设法为给祖国苏联提供最需要的东西
I've been devising a way to give Mother Russia the thing she needs most.
在寒冬丰收的小麦
A harvest of wheat in the dead of winter.
如果这是真的如果你真的有这种力量
If this is true, if you really have this power...
是的同志我有
I do, Comrade. I do.
但我必须要能够放手去做
But I must have a free hand.
不再受到资产阶级遗传学家的干扰
No more interference from the bourgeois geneticists.
他们是我们敌人的奸细
They are agents of our enemies.
他们想让苏联挨饿直到屈服
They want to starve Russia into submission.
那不是长颈鹿脖子长的原因
That's not why the giraffe's neck is long.
斯大林怎么会相信那种说法
How could Stalin have fallen for that one?
很简单
It was easy.
因为他拼命地想去相信
He desperately wanted to believe it.
李森科兜售的是一种
Lysenko was peddling the long discredited theory of an early
19世纪初博物学家拉马克早被证实不可信的理论
19th century naturalist named Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
他认为后天获得的性状
He believed that acquired characteristics,
例如长颈鹿为了吃高处的叶子
let's say the length of a giraffe's neck from straining
而拉长的脖子
to get at those leaves up high,
可以遗传给下一代
could be inherited by the next generation.
他不明白那需要历经几百万年演化
He failed to grasp that it took millions of years of