宇宙时空之旅：未知世界（2020）

Cosmos: Possible Worlds S01E06

Part 3 Aug. 24, 2022, 10:55 a.m.

越来越高的怨恨
a rising resentment.
首先，对一位科学家的知名度感到震惊
First, a pang at a fellow scientist's heightened celebrity.
好吧，那很正常
Well, that was normal.
然后，他谈到了行星的起源
Then he got to the part about the origin of the planets.
他因为天文学家正在制♥造♥而得罪
He was offended that an astronomer was making
关于太阳系化学性质的声明
pronouncements about the chemical nature of the solar system.
那是他的地盘
That was his turf.
科学家是人类
Scientists are human.
我们是灵长类动物
We're primates.
我们和其他所有人一样都承担着同样的进化重任
We carry the same evolutionary baggage as everyone else.
柯伊珀（Kuiper）和尤里（Urey）是两位选择了阿尔法男性
Kuiper and Urey were two alpha males who chose
科学论据是他们战斗的武器
scientific argument as their weapon of combat.
两个人为一个人♥质♥作战，
And the two men fought over a single hostage,
一个年轻的学生
a young student.
卡尔·萨根（Carl Sagan）小时候，
When Carl Sagan was a kid,
他住在布鲁克林的一间小公♥寓♥里
he lived here, in a small apartment in Brooklyn.
在1940年代中期，他绘制了这张图，
In the mid-1940s, he made this drawing,
充满预测，
filled with predictions,
现在位于美国国会图书馆
that is now in the US Library of Congress.
3、2、1、0所有引擎都在运行
3, 2, 1, 0. All engine running.
起飞，我们起飞了！
Liftoff, we have a liftoff!
在一个生活在最后几秒钟的时代
In an era where life here was in the last seconds
在地球上的40亿人口中，
of its four billion captivity on Earth,
他梦想着去行星，甚至到星星
he dreamed of going to the planets and even to the stars.
但是他不想只是想像力
But he didn't want to just go in his imagination,
他真的想去
he wanted to really go.
他想知道那些世界到底是什么样的
He wanted to know what those worlds were really like.
他知道做到这一点的唯一方法就是成为一名科学家
And he knew that the only way to do that was to become a scientist.
这个男孩会落在两个交战的巨人的翅膀之下
The boy would come under the wings of the two warring giants.
他们互相憎恨，
As much as they hated each other,
他爱他们两个
he loved them both.
他们三个在一起将把墙壁推倒
Together, the three of them would tear down the walls
在科学家之间
between the scientists.
这个男孩会推倒最高的墙，
And the boy would tear down the tallest wall,
科学与其他人之间的关系
the one between science and everyone else.
为我做点事
Do something for me.
我要你假装我们生活在任何时候
I need you to pretend that we live in a time before any
宇宙飞船或人类曾经离开地球，
spacecraft or human had ever left Earth,
没有人从太空看到过我们的世界
no one had ever seen our world from space.
最伟大的艺术家最奢侈的幻想是
The most extravagant fantasies of the greatest artists were
无法匹配即将发生的事情
no match for what was coming.
这就是他们中的一个人想象地球必须从太空看起来的样子
This is how one of them imagined Earth must look from space.
然后，在一天内的瞬间
And then, in one instant on a single day,
一切都变了
everything changed.
这就是地球母亲裸♥露♥时的样子，
This is how Mother Earth looked when she was naked,
在她附近有近5,000颗卫星进入轨道之前，
before nearly 5,000 satellites were in orbit around her,
之前还没有人从十倒数
before anyone had ever counted backwards from ten.
1957年10月4日，
On October 4, 1957,
苏联成为第一个浸泡其国家的国家
the Soviet Union became the first nation to dip its
脚趾伸入宇宙海洋的浅滩
toe into the shallows of the cosmic ocean.
它发射了人造卫星1
It launched Sputnik 1,
一个简单的无线电发射器，每96分钟绕地球一周
a simple radio transmitter that circled Earth every 96 minutes.
在地球上，人们来到外面寻找
All over the planet, people came outside to find
天空中的新光是人造的月亮
this new light in the sky, a man-made moon.
没有什么可以阻止我们实现我们的目标
Nothing could stop us from achieving our
最大胆的梦想
most daring dreams.
想一想，我们所做的就是夜空的新光
Think of it, something we made was a new light in the night sky.
有点像星星
Something like a star.
发生这种情况时
As this was happening,
这个男孩正在成为科学家，
the boy was becoming a scientist,
这种新知识使他感触非凡
and this new knowledge moved him as nothing before had.
他所能想到的就是他想与之分享
All he could think was that he wanted to share it with
地球上的每个人
everyone on Earth,
但是科学家不赞成这种事情，
but that kind of thing was frowned upon by scientists,
他们将自己视为精英俱乐部的成员
they saw themselves as being members of an elite club.
1950年，卡尔·萨根（Carl Sagan）还是一名高中生时，
In 1950, when Carl Sagan was just a high school student,
他写了一篇论文，使他获得了工作的邀请
he wrote a paper that earned him an invitation to work in
穆勒（H.J. Muller）的实验室，
the lab of H.J. Muller,
他因发现辐射而获得了诺贝尔奖
who had won the Nobel Prize for his discovery that radiation
导致基因突变
causes mutations in genes.
卡尔到芝加哥大学的时候，
By the time Carl got to the University of Chicago,
他开始为自己取名，
he was beginning to make a name for himself,
哈罗德·尤里（Harold Urey）选择了指导他
and Harold Urey chose to mentor him.
化学家尤里（Urey）
Urey, the chemist,
现在正在做他讨厌Kuiper的事情，
was now doing the thing that he had resented Kuiper for,
侵入另一门科学学科的领域
trespassing on the turf of another scientific discipline.
这次是生物学
This time it was biology.
尤里和他的团队想知道生活会怎样
Urey and his team wanted to know how life could have
源于无生命的物质
originated from lifeless matter.
与他的另一个学生一起工作，
Working with another student of his,
Urey的Stanley Miller设计了一个实验来模拟
Stanley Miller, Urey designed an experiment to simulate the
地球早期大气的化学条件
chemical conditions of the atmosphere on the early Earth.
他们想看看那些基本化学品是否可以
They wanted to see whether those basic chemicals could
导致了氨基酸，是生命的基础
have led to amino acids, the building blocks of life.
闪电能提供唤醒物质进入生活的火花吗？
Could lightning have provided the spark that awakened matter into life?
“如果它可能在地球上发生，
"And if it could happen here on Earth,
还能发生什么呢？”卡尔想知道
where else could it have happened?" Carl wondered.
当他写论文推测这种可能性时，
When he wrote a paper speculating on that possibility,
尤里严厉地回应
Urey responded harshly.
他责骂他的徒弟冒险超越自己的专业知识
He scolded his apprentice for venturing beyond his expertise.
但是卡尔仍然喜欢尤里，因为他知道
But still, Carl loved Urey because he knew that this
坚韧会使他成为更好的科学家
toughness would make him a better scientist.
夏天，卡尔去了敌人的营地
In the summer, Carl traveled to the enemy camp,
到麦当劳天文台，
to McDonald Observatory,
和Gerard Kuiper一起观察火星，
to observe Mars with Gerard Kuiper,
地球上唯一的行星天文学家
the only planetary astronomer on Earth.
那一年，火星与地球处于有利的对立状态
That year, Mars was in a favorable opposition to Earth.
这两个世界将是30年来最接近的世界
The two worlds would be the closest they'd been in 30 years.
但是天气不好
But the weather didn't cooperate,
不是在德克萨斯州，而是在火星上
not in Texas, but on Mars.
一场全球性的沙尘暴阻止了柯伊伯
A global windblown dust storm there prevented Kuiper
和萨根（Sagan）看到任何新事物
and Sagan from seeing anything new.
相反，他们度过了那些夏天的夜晚
Instead, they spent those summer nights talking
很多事情
of many things.
年长的男人教年轻的科学家
The older man taught the young scientist the
最有效的方法来检验他大胆的新想法
most efficient ways to test his bold new ideas.
他们幻想着那些可能的世界正在盘旋
They fantasized about what those possible worlds circling
其他星星可能会像
other stars might be like.
这两个无所畏惧的科学想象力冒险
These two fearless scientific imaginations ventured
整个夏天整个银河系
throughout the galaxy all that summer.
通往仙境的大门正向卡尔敞开
The gates to the wonderworld were swinging open for Carl.
而所有这些都是在我们到达时发生的
And all of this was happening as we were reaching
第一次超越地球
beyond the planet for the very first time.
苏联的人造卫星“吓死了”
Soviet Union's Sputnik scared the hell out of
美国
the United States.
冷战是两种意识形态之间的较量
The Cold War was a contest between dueling ideologies
关于财产和自♥由♥
about property and freedom.
当俄♥国♥人首先到达那里时，
When the Russians got there first,
它似乎严重地反映了我们的世界观
it seemed to reflect badly on our world view.
如果他们可以将物体送入我们头顶的轨道，
And if they could send an object into orbit above our heads,
我们再也无法保护自己的天空了
we could no longer protect our skies.
突然有一个新的传送系统
Suddenly, there was a new delivery system
核武器
for nuclear weapons.
地球上任何地方都无法防范
Nowhere on Earth could be safeguarded against
间谍或攻击
espionage or attack.
我们需要自己的太空计划
We needed a space program of our own.
国家航♥空♥航♥天♥局是
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was
在1958年人造卫星（Sputnik）成立一年后成立
founded a year after Sputnik in 1958.
科学终于准备好将地球视为柯伊伯
Science was at last ready to see Earth as Kuiper
作为一个星球，已经看到了很多年了
had been seeing it for years, as a planet.