英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座：超限储能·驱动未来（2016）

这次让我们来点击鼓声好吗
Right, so, we're going to have a bit of a drumroll this time.
这次实验直播真是湿漉漉的
and that's the live shot, looking very wet.
这次我会非常非常听话
I'm going to be very, very, very obedient.
这次我们准备了几盏台灯
And in this case, we've got a couple of lamps there.
这次我应该到这边来 我还没来过这边
OK, I should come over to this side. I haven't been over there.
这儿有一些片段 看 就是那个
So I think we've got some footage. So there - that's the one.
这个步骤有个非常专业的术语
and there is a scientific term for it -
这个等式告诉了我们一个非常重要的事实
This famous equation tells us a very important fact -
这个公式告诉我们 极小的质量
This tells us a tiny amount of mass
这个公式在一个多世纪以前
This was formulated over a century ago
这个光球 是团等离子体
this ball of light, is a plasma.
这个奇妙的装置就是他的发明之一
was this strange contraption coming in here.
这个塑料气球先爆♥炸♥了
before you see any ignition of the methane,
这个小机器 彻底改变了我们生活的方式
this tiny machine, totally transformed the way we live.
这个装置
and this contraption
这个装置是一种能量梯级
And it's a type of energy cascade
这个装置有希望能只靠蒸气
And hopefully it will... Just by steam...
这很棒吧
Ooh, that was great.
这架飞机体型与大型喷气式客机相当
to make a plane that was the size of a jumbo jet,
这间演讲厅消耗着巨大的能量
This lecture theatre consumes a huge amount of energy.
这间演讲厅需要多少能量呢
So, how much do we need for this lecture theatre?
这教会我们很重要的一点
And this tells us a very important thing,
这就是那台风力发电机的实时画面
So that is a live shot of that wind turbine.
这就是能量的转换
So it's an energy conversion.
这就是嘘嘘能
So it's wee power.
这可以点亮整条皮卡迪利街
That would light up the whole of Piccadilly.
这块太阳能板将会
And what the solar panel here will do
这块微生物燃料电池产生了多少能量
that produced from that microbial fuel cell.
这里 如果镜头能拉近点的话
Here, and if the cameras can get close,
这里的这个装置来给大家展示
through this contraption here.
这里我还需要两位志愿者
And here I need two more volunteers.
这里用的电 就是太阳能板
See? But that was directly from the solar panels
这里有六台发电机 每台有五个涡轮机
There are six generators, each with five turbines.
这里有一个很大的能量计
We can see on our giant meter here...
这能帮助我们理解太阳的能量为何如此之大
So, this helps us understand why the sun is so powerful.
这其实就是第一台发电机
and it's really the first electrical generator.
这取决于光能板的材料
depending on the material they're made of.
这让我们又要提到迈克尔·法拉第
So, this brings us back to Michael Faraday,
这实在太奇妙了
It was just really, really strange.
这使空气变成了导体
that turns air into a conductor.
这是个有趣而奇妙的装置
This is a very interesting contraption.
这是他最喜欢的演示之一
and this is one of his favourite demonstrations,
这是我们的八十周♥年♥庆♥ 我想庆祝一下
And as this is our 80th anniversary, I want to celebrate.
这是我们的馆长 夏洛特
And our curator, Charlotte -
这是我们的目标
So, that was our target...
这是我们的目标
So, this is our target.
这是我研究领域之一
it's one of my research areas.
这是我最喜欢的部分 波浪
This is one of my favourite bits, the wave.
这是下一代太阳能电池板 光能材料
These are next-generation solar panels, solar materials.
这是一个特斯拉线圈
It's a Tesla coil and it's much more powerful
这是一块太阳能板
So, what we have here is a solar panel
这是一枚氢弹
It's a hydrogen bomb,
这是一瓶有点危险的油
This is a bit of a dodgy oil -
这是因为裤衩中的能量很难获取
And that's because the energy in those pants is hard to get at.
这是英国最强大的发电机
That's the most energy generated anywhere in the UK.
这是怎么做到的呢
So, what's happening there?
这是真正的实验直播
So this is actually a live shot.
这四种分别是固体 液体
So you have solid, then a liquid,
这台手摇发电机能给我们多少电呢
How much has that hand-cranked generator given us?
这台涡轮机已经运行了34年了
but this turbine in particular has run for 34 years,
这条线直接往下
And that line there has gone down
这团美丽的云
So this sort of beautiful cloud,
这位是涡轮机首席工程师史蒂夫·奥斯丁
So, this is Steve Austin, the chief turbine engineer.
这项技术让我十分激动
And this is something I'm really excited about,
这些蛋糕代表了
So, these cakes represent the different years
这些动植物从太阳获得能量
And these plants and animals got their energy from the sun.
这些发电方法
So, many of these methods of generating electricity -
这些就是化石燃料
So these are fossil fuels such as...
这些特斯拉线圈很不错
So, these Tesla coils have been great,
这些小球都被撞了出来
It's going to knock over those balls.
这些叶片每小时可以转动约两千千米
The blade tips, they will spin at 1,250 mph,
这样的特殊材料构成的新一代太阳能板
So, new, exotic materials and new-generation panels like this
这也是我的研究领域之一
It's one of my research areas, as well.
这也是一个保险装置
That's part of the safety apparatus.
这一次
So again,
这一切都是依靠
all operating on the same principles
这盏亮了 还有其他两盏
Let's do that one. And then the other ones.
这盏也亮了
You've got that one.
这真是我经历过的最奇怪的事了
It's one of the really bizarrest experiences i've ever had.
这正是聚变反应的难点所在
That's exactly the difficulty with having fusion reactors,
这支蜡烛是个不错的开始
So, this small candle is a good place to start.
这支蜡烛由硝化棉制成
It's made of something called guncotton,
这种化学反应会产生一种荧光物质
This is a chemical reaction producing a fluorescent material.
真棒
Amazing!
真不赖 让我们看看你是否能点亮底下这盏
It's not too bad. So let's see if you can do the bottom one.
正如刚才的慢动作回放
as you saw in slow motion.
正如你们所想 是闪电
Well, as you can imagine, it's lightning.
正是这种规模的巨型发电站
huge power stations like this are keeping the lights on,
正在被推进来的
So, one of his inventions
只会释放出
only releases the energy
只能从一种形式转化成另一种形式
it only converts from one form to another.
只是简单地点燃它
Simply setting them on fire...
只要我把脚抬起 一切都会停止
As soon as I take my foot off, everything stops.
只有极少的十二节五号♥电池 好吗
a measly 12 AA batteries, OK?
只有了解了光 我们才能弄清楚这一点
To understand that, we need to understand light.
只有两节五号♥电池
So, that's just two AA batteries.
只有一滴 对吧
Yeah, a drip, really, isn't it?
只有一点点
And it was a little blip.
只有一节五号♥电池
Just one AA battery.
只有在那种情况下
It's only then that the mass
直到下一个日出
and reach the next sunrise.
直接转换为能量
directly into energy.
直射在这些板上
light directly onto those panels.
制♥造♥出一些电火花
just from this panel here and a couple of lights.
质量 这个构成世界
mass, the stuff that makes up the whole world,
质量才会释放出我们通过质能公式
releases that vast amount of energy
终于想出了最为精细的案例
We've come up with the most sophisticated example.
众所周知
As we know,
重点在于 在熄灭蜡烛之后
It's basically, can I relight that candle
重两吨♥ 约为一辆家用汽车
and the weight of a family car - two tonnes.
主要有两个原因
Well, two main reasons.
转得越快 产生的电能越多
it's much faster, it's much more powerful.
转化成了动能和电能
into kinetic energy and into electrical energy.
转换为光能热能等能源形式
into vast amounts of raw energy in the form of heat and light.
自己回来可以吗
Why don't you make your way back here?
总计3937节五号♥电池
And that gives us a total of 3,937 AA batteries.
足够多的能量
enough energy by themselves.
最大的能量转换器
in the whole solar system.
最大的挑战之一
of solar-cell design.
最后 回到我们的大问题
So, finally, let's return to our big question -
最后 我们把丹
We've, finally, sent
最后 我们的太阳能电池板
And lastly, our solar panels.
最终接到这里
And that is the line.
做个实验
So let's put it to the test.
做一个太阳能小零食
to make a solar-powered snack.