英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座：超限储能·驱动未来（2016）

三 二 一
Three, two, one.
三 二 一
Three, two, one.
上次我告诉大家
What I said last time was
上星期我们安装了一种特殊电池
Last week we installed a special cell
上一次特斯拉线圈出现在这间演讲厅时
The last time they had a Tesla coil here in this lecture theatre,
稍好一点 嘘嘘能呢
A bit better. Our wee power?
摄像机 还有空调
we've got the cameras and we've got some air conditioning, too.
伸过任何一个小洞
to put my finger through any of the holes,
深入英国最大的发电站
to go behind the scenes at Britain's biggest power station.
生产出无穷无尽的电
with hardly any carbon emissions.
圣诞讲座的创始人
the founder of the Christmas Lectures,
十五种
15?
实现方法就是建造一个磁场笼或磁瓶
And we do that by creating a sort of magnetic cage,
史蒂夫 它的转速有多快
So, Steve, how fast does this go round?
使我们更接近目标呢
to get us closer to our target?
使用了一项全新的技术 电视
using a brand-new technology - television.
世界上毁灭性最强的武器
the most destructive weapon in the world.
事实上 区别并没有那么大
Actually, the difference isn't that much.
事实上 他是我心中的一位科学英雄
and, actually, he's one of my scientific heroes.
事实是蜡烛不断散发出蜡雾
What's happening is that the wax vapour comes up off the candle
是的 快下来
Yes. Come on down.
是的 来自瑞士的问候
Yes, hello from Switzerland.
是的
Erm... Yes.
是全人类面临的最大挑战之一
is one of the biggest challenges facing the whole human race.
是太阳能 而这就引出了下一个问题
..Solar-powered. And this begs the question -
是一支很特别的蜡烛
It's a very special candle.
是因为你要爬一段台阶
because you're going on a journey, as well.
是因为它就埋藏在我们脚下
is that it's buried under our feet,
是音速的1.6倍
which is 1.6 times the speed of sound.
是由金属棒内外移♥动♥的静态环
was a static ring where the metal rod went in and out.
释放我短裤里的能源
my pants - through nuclear fusion.
首先 是蜡烛
So, first, our candles.
数百万年前
Millions of years ago,
数值达到了14 好的
we're getting to 14. OK.
谁认为是二十种
Who's going to go for 20?
谁认为有更多
Who's going to go for a lot more?
水蒸气带动这个风扇
is going to turn this fan here,
说"能"是疯狂 说"不"是愚蠢
I would be crazy to answer "Yes" And stupid to answer "No",
说明八十年前煤炭占有绝对优势
indicating that coal dominated 80 years ago.
-四千瓦时 -四千瓦时
- Four kilowatt-hours. - Four kilowatt-hours?
送去了男厕所
Dan to the men's toilet.
送去了我们能找到的最大的特斯拉线圈
to the biggest Tesla coil we could find.
苏菲 你要做的就是
So, Sophie, what you're going to do is
-苏菲 -苏菲 你到这边来一下
- Sophie. - Sophie, why don't you come on this side?
算出来的巨大能量
we saw from our equation, E=mc squared.
算上了所有巧妙装置 我们也没成功
Well, even with all that clever equipment, we've not made it.
虽然看起来像是烛芯在燃烧
So, it looks as if the wick is burning,
随着它不停转动
And since it's moving continuously,
所以 从根本上来讲
So, basically, you're just using the fact
所以 娜塔莎 我之所以提起恐不恐高的问题
So, Natasha, I asked about scared of heights
所以 你愿意试试吗 来吧
So, yeah, do you want to come through? Come on.
所以德拉克斯开始使用这些
So Drax has switched to using these -
所以回溯起来 化石能源本质上
So in the very long term, fossil fuels are essentially...
所以基本上 没有光能它就无法工作
So, basically, it wouldn't work without that light energy.
所以能量以无数种不同的形式存在着
So, energy comes in lots and lots of different forms
所以你需要让它远离反应堆的外墙
so you need to keep it away from the wall of the reactor.
所以让我们回来讨论
So let me return to that
所以它应该是回到跟原来差不多的位置
so it should swing back roughly to its original position.
所以我请了另一位圣诞讲师
So I asked another Christmas lecturer,
所以我需要一个更强壮的人
so I need somebody a bit more muscular.
所以我在里面会非常安全
So I will be quite safe sitting in there,
所有的发电厂都可以被看作是个巨大的水壶
can be viewed as giant kettles.
所有电流都会被切断
all of that will be turned off.
所有金属材料汽车 都是法拉第笼
that you've driven in or been in, they are Faraday cages.
他曾在这间演讲厅中
on the chemistry of candles in this theatre
他出身贫寒
He came from very humble beginnings
他们不会把这个炮弹球对准自己的头部
they don't hold the cannonball to their head,
他们要分辨出"功率"和"能量"的差别
They want to distinguish the words power and energy.
他是一位出色的澳大利亚科学家
a very distinguished Australian scientist, that in Australia,
它被称为微生物燃料电池
It's called up microbial fuel cell.
它被击倒了
So this is out the side.
它比你们刚刚看到的要大得多
than the one you've seen operating already.
它的工作原理是怎样的呢
So, how does it work?
它的原理是当电流通过外层铁丝时
How it works is the current passes across the wire
它的组成部分有这根金属磁棒
Well, what it's made up of is it's got this metal, magnetic rod,
它发生了小电流
and it generates a small electric current.
它非常聪明
And what it does - it's very clever -
它会... 它会摆到对面
and it's going to come... It's going to go over there,
它会感应到磁场 我拿着个普通的磁铁
it will feel a magnetic field. So I have a simple magnet.
它将氢的质量
It's basically converting the mass of hydrogen
它讲了一个很"粗俗"的笑话
it tells pretty rude jokes.
它叫原油
It's called crude oil.
它就发生在现在
is that it is the present.
它就是能量
That subject is energy.
它就是引发电气革命的那个火花
It was the spark that ignited the electric revolution
它可能从零开始
So it starts off probably at zero,
它利用细菌
What it does is it uses bacteria
它们被储存在这个
and they're stored in these massive domes
它们都在疯狂吞噬能量
They're all energy guzzlers.
它们会弹奏音乐 德国音乐
They've actually learned to play music, German music.
它们就会沿着金属通道传播
they should always follow it.
它们可以互相转换的 只是形式不同
They are interchangeable - just different forms.
它们能够为一百万户居民提供电力
They generate enough power for a million households.
它们让皇家科学院在座各位有点紧张
They make people here at the Royal Institution a bit nervous.
它们已经接上了电池
and they've been plugged into a battery.
它烧断了所有保险丝
it fried all the fuses
它实在是太了不起了
It's really, absolutely amazing.
它释放的能量是我们输入的十倍
It will get ten times the amount of energy out
它无时无刻不在
It's converting
它想告诉我们的是
And what it's trying to show us
它也许看起来有点像一根烧焦的香肠
It may look a bit like a burnt sausage...
它一直延伸到演讲厅外面
and carries on outside this theatre.
它意味着在几乎没有碳排放的情况下
It could mean unlimited quantities of electricity
它因磁场的靠近而移♥动♥
it moves because the magnetic field is near it.
它影响着我们的每一项活动
It governs everything we do,
它由很多种颜色混合而成
it's made up of lots of different colours, all mixed together.
它由皇家科学院团队
and it's been painstakingly put together
它由新型特殊材料制♥作♥而成
And they're made of much more exotic materials
它支配着宇宙的运转
It makes the whole universe tick
它撞倒了... 产生了一些动能
OK, it knocks out... There's some kinetic energy.
她到房♥顶了
She's on the roof
她会为我举着这个装置
is going to hold it for me.
她说四千瓦时
OK, she said four kilowatt-hours.
苔丝 当我问你的时候
So, Tess, when I ask you to,
苔丝 如果你可以开始告诉我们数值
So, Tess, if you could start telling us some values.
-苔丝 -苔丝
- Tess. - Tess.
太棒了 艾利克斯正走过来
All right, great, we can see Alex coming.
-太棒了 谢谢你 伊恩·查普曼 -不客气
- Great. Well, thank you, Ian Chapman. - Thank you.
太好了
Yes...
太惊人了
Wow, that was stupendous!
太阳的能量从哪里来
where does the sun get its energy from?
太阳光不止包含一种颜色
Sunlight isn't made up of just one colour -
太阳能板无法捕捉所有波长的光
So, solar panels can't capture all wavelengths of light -
太阳能不太可能为整个英国供电
Solar power is unlikely to give us all the energy in the UK
太阳能电池算是非常高效的了
solar cells are still very efficient.
太阳能飞机也能做到这点吗
when solar-powered planes could do the same?
太阳实际上是整个太阳系中
It's actually the biggest energy converter
太阳在白天给电池充电
The sun is charging the batteries
太阳照射在地球上的能量
enough energy from the sun hits the Earth
体积超级大
This is enormous!