英国皇家科学院圣诞讲座：超限储能·驱动未来（2016）

"比太阳中心的温度还要高十倍"
sort of "ten times hotter than the centre of the sun" hot.
"能量"这种神奇的东西
the amazing thing called energy.
crude也表示粗鲁 粗俗
超限储能 驱动未来
可再生能源/煤炭/核能/天然气
可再生能源/天然气/核能
煤炭
太阳能电池电流
微安
危险区域管制区 危险 潜在爆♥炸♥性环境 闲人莫进 未经许可不得入内 禁止吸烟
《大英烤焗大赛》的明星之一 萨拉斯
of this year's Great British Bake Off, Selasi.
-10 -10 最后是红色
- Ten. - Ten, and now the red end,
10 14
10. 14.
110千瓦 也就是4.7度
110, and that's 4.7 kilowatt-hours.
12 好的 我们移到橘色
12. OK, we're going towards orange.
14微安
14? So already,
1569节五号♥电池
1,569 AA batteries.
1936年
1936,
21567节五号♥电池
21,567 AA batteries.
2314节五号♥电池的能量
from those solar panels.
3.78 好的 谢谢
3.78. OK, thank you.
-6 -6
- Six. - Six.
-8 -8微安 好的
- Eight. - Eight, OK.
97%
That's 97%.
BBC播送圣诞讲座时
The BBC transmitted a Christmas Lecture
c是个巨大的数值
and c is a huge number -
E=mc² 就是这个
E=mc squared. There we have it there.
E=mc² 这个方程
E=mc squared.
E是能量 m是质量
E is for energy, m is for mass
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦给出
Albert Einstein.
-艾利克斯 -艾利克斯
- Alex. - Alex.
艾利克斯 能听见我说话吗
And, Alex, can you hear me?
艾利克斯或者丹上去了吗
So, is it Alex or Dan up there?
八十年前 今年是八十周♥年♥庆♥
So, 80 years ago - it's our 80th anniversary...
把灯打开 好吗
So we need the lights on, OK?
把灯关掉 它就停了
And the lights off, and it stops.
摆球实验告诉我们
That swinging ball
包括灯光
We've got the lights,
包括铜 铟 镓还有硒
copper, indium, gallium and selenium.
保持发动机运转
and running the motors during the day flight,
贝特朗·皮卡尔和安德烈·波斯贝格
Bertrand Piccard and Andre Borschberg, right now,
被我们当成理所当然的事
because they generate our electricity.
本次讲座的主题可追溯到
The subject of these lectures goes back
比阿尔伯特音乐厅还要大的圆顶仓库里
that are bigger than the Albert Hall.
比较起来 通过金属传播要简单得多
In contrast, travelling through metal is a lot easier.
比如煤和石油
Such as coal and oil.
比如原子裂变或聚变
either to split them or fuse them together.
比如这支蜡烛
In this case, the candle is converting
便得到一团等离子体
and that gives you a plasma,
便获得了等离子体
and once again we have this plasma.
并把所有电脑变成了德语界面
and it turned all the computer text German.
并不会进到笼子里面
and it doesn't go into the cage.
并不是要给你们列一个冗长的清单
I didn't want to give you a long, boring list,
并带有特制滤光器
It's got a special filter
并积累到一定程度时
There's such a big build-up of electrical charge
并可以转化为光和热的过程
and it turns it into light and heat.
并邀请过去的圣诞讲座演讲者提供协助
and inviting Christmas Lecturers past to the stage to help out.
波浪来了
That's the wave there.
伯明翰真棒 我们把它放进去
Lucky Birmingham! So, er, let's put it there.
捕捉到并储存在电池中并传到这里来的
hooked onto that battery and down here.
不管你信不信 这件装置
So, believe it or not, this thing here,
不过好在我们用慢镜头录下来了
but fortunately we have that in slow motion.
不过投入更多的研究
but with more research,
不过我们有望
But there is hope
不过现在已经实现了
and, nevertheless, it happened.
不过真的很有趣 很有挑战性
But it was really, really fun. Very challenging.
不可控的火花
an uncontrolled spark.
不同类型的能源发生器
types of energy generators
不同颜色的光里
is that there are different energies
不喜欢这样
Don't like this.
不远 就在皇家科学院里
Not too far, it's just a journey within the Royal Institution.
不知道大家有没有发现
I don't know if you noticed
不知道能否准确预知天气情况
we didn't know if we could forecast the weather well enough,
不知道你们有没有发现
I don't know if some of you noticed.
不足以支撑演讲厅
to power this lecture theatre.
参加《大英烤焗大赛》有什么感受
What's it like, being on The Great British Bake Off?
曾在英国皇家科学院就职
worked here at the Royal Institution.
尝试直接发电
is try and generate electricity directly.
厂房♥里的噪音很大
The noise in here is incredible.
超过了刚才那支小蜡烛
than that small candle over there.
除非我们能通过核反应
Unless, of course, we unlocked the energy in these -
创始人迈克尔·法拉第
to their founder, Michael Faraday.
磁能
..that magnetic energy
从而导致全球变暖
which contributes to global warming.
从法拉第到今天
So, not since Faraday's day
从瑞士打来的电♥话♥
on the line from Switzerland.
从太阳中的核反应
from the nuclear furnace in the sun...
从这根绕成圆圈的线传下来 看
circular wire. Look at that.
答案是 我们可以
And the simple answer is, yes, we can.
大部分情况下 德拉克斯电力公♥司♥烧的是煤
For most of its life, Drax burned coal.
大多数人口提供电力
for the majority of the world's population.
大家看这个
but take a look at these.
大家看这就是分解后的阳光
So this is split up, so you can see this here.
大家看这里的线圈
So you can see the coils here.
大家可以看到 风扇在旋转
So if you see that, you can see that it's turning.
大家可以看到 脚步把磁铁推进铜线圈里
You see, those steps were pushing magnets into copper coils,
大家可以看这个延时摄影
So you can see that time-lapse,
大约一百五十年前
He gave Christmas Lectures
大致有一百一十一种能量转换
was roughly about 111 different energy conversions.
代表着我们的期望
represents our ambition.
丹 那里的读数告诉我们
So, Dan, again we've got a reading for how much energy
-丹尼尔 -丹尼尔 感谢你到台上来
- Daniel. - Daniel. Well, thanks for coming down.
丹尼尔刚刚把他肌肉的能量
So, Daniel there converted his muscular energy
丹在这儿了
So, we've got Dan here.
但1927年查尔斯·林德伯格飞越大西洋时
but Charles Lindbergh neither had the technology to do it
但电流是肉眼看不见的
But we don't often see electricity in the raw,
但还有其他方法来定义能量
But there's another way to define energy,
但能量有各种不同的存在形式
But energy comes in loads of other different and amazing forms,
但其实是蜡本身在燃烧
but it's not, it's the wax.
但实际上 这是皇家科学院的
..But actually, this is one of the treasures
但是飞越海洋需要好几个昼夜
but to go over the ocean for many days, many nights,
但是可以从一种形式转化为另一种形式
but you can convert it from one form to another.
但是罗伯特·梅跟我说过
but I was told by Robert May,
但是如果你是一名开拓者 一个冒险家
But if you are a pioneer, an explorer,
但是如今
But right now, fossil fuels are still
但是我更想看慢动作回放
but what I love to see is in slow motion.
但是我们很少能看到里面
but we rarely see inside them.
但是我们能否运用这个原理
But can we use this principle
但是我们要去看一个被拆开的涡轮机
but we will go look in one that's been taken apart.
但是相比于其他大多数装置
But compared to most other things,
但是英国接下来的十年
But we're going to stop using coal
但他坚持不懈地发现了大量
but he went on to discover a huge amount
但它们产生的电流只是一种不可控的爆发
but the electricity they produce is just an uncontrolled burst,
但我还不够强壮去真正转动这个装置
But I'm not muscular enough to actually turn this,
但我进去时还是会穿着我的高筒雨鞋
but I'm still going to wear my wellingtons when I get inside,
但我们确实装了一台功能完全的
but we've actually got a fully functional wind machine
但我们如何才能把化石能源转化成电能呢
But how do we turn that fossil fuel into electricity?
但我要向你坦白一件事 理查德
but I have a confession, Richard.
但在差不多八十年前的今天
but 80 years ago, almost to the day,
但这次旋转的是磁铁
but this time the magnet is rotating.
但这个装置能模拟出真实加热时情景
but this is a demonstration of what happens when we do do that.
但这两个特斯拉线圈有所不同
But these two Tesla coils are different.
但这是个火力发电站
but this is a fossil-fuel power station.
弹性势能
Elastic energy.