宇宙（2021）

..但是两个。
..but two.
也许流氓世界是在一个封闭的二元系统中长大的……
Perhaps the rogue world grew up in a close binary system...
..受两颗恒星的引力影响。
..subject to the gravitational pull of two stars.
它的轨道可能不稳定……
Its orbit may have been unstable...
..因为它的母星努力控制它的命运。
..as its parent stars fought to control its destiny.
即使在单星系统中，弱引力相互作用
Even in single star systems, the weak gravitational interactions
行星之间可以改变它们的轨道。
between the planets can change their orbits.
现在，在双星系统中，
Now, in a double star system,
行星不仅受到万有引力的作用
the planets are not only subjected to the gravitational pulls
彼此之间，它们受到更强的引力
of each other, they're subjected to the stronger gravitational pull
来自另一颗星。
of another star.
所以，即使行星进入稳定轨道，
So, even if a planet gets into a stable orbit,
它很可能不会长时间停留在那个轨道上。
it's very likely that it won't stay in that orbit for long.
所以，在双星系统中，秩序与混乱之间的界限
So, in double star systems, the line between order and chaos
确实很瘦。
is very thin indeed.
即使是行星轨道的细微变化
Even subtle changes in a planet's orbit
可能导致气候的剧烈变化。
can lead to dramatic changes in climate.
这就是为什么行星的表面条件
And that's why the surface conditions on planets
在双星系统中可能不太可能保持足够稳定
in double star systems may be unlikely to remain stable enough
足够长的时间来进化智能生命。
for long enough for intelligent life to evolve.
以及行星轨道的变化
And the changes in the orbits of planets
有时可能不是微妙的。
can sometimes be anything but subtle.
一次近距离接触可能给了流氓世界
A close encounter may have given the rogue world
最后的重力踢。
a final gravitational kick.
向外抛。
Flinging it outwards.
并将其从母星的控制中释放出来。
And releasing it from the grip of its parent stars.
放开...
Setting it loose...
..穿越银河系。
..on a journey through the galaxy.
远离星星的温暖，
Far from the warmth of its stars,
流氓世界可能曾经拥有的任何液态水……
any liquid water the rogue world might once have had...
..会冻结固体。
..would have frozen solid.
任何曾经保护它的气氛......
Any atmosphere that once protected it...
..会冻结在表面上。
..would have frozen out on to the surface.
流氓会变成一个世界...
The rogue would have become a world...
..在任何生物都无法忍♥受的条件下。
..with conditions that no living thing could endure.
整个星球独自漂泊。
An entire planet alone and adrift.
数百万年后才被我们发现。
Only to be detected by us millions of years later.
一颗类似地球的小流氓行星......
A small Earth-like rogue planet...
..漫游空间的黑暗永恒。
..roaming the darkness of space for eternity.
这个孤独的流浪星球并不是一个独特的世界。
This lonely wandering planet is not a unique world.
虽然流氓行星很难被发现，
Although rogue planets are very difficult to detect,
估计可能有
it's estimated that there may be
在我们的银河系中有超过 1000 亿个。
over 100 billion of them in our galaxy.
流氓行星可能是最常见的
Rogue planets might be the most common
银河系中的行星类型。
type of planet in the Milky Way.
虽然我们认为他们中的大多数
And although we think most of them
形成后不久就被从他们的恒星上撕下来，
were torn away from their star soon after formation,
这确实表明恒星系统并不总是稳定的地方
this does suggest that star systems are not always stable places
在那里复杂的生命可以进化数十亿年。
where complex life could evolve over billions of years.
我们寻找另一个有生命的星球才刚刚开始。
Our hunt for another living planet has only just begun.
然而我们已经学到了很多。
Yet we've already learned so much.
我们发现了我们的第一个岩石世界。
We found our first rocky worlds.
一些在他们恒星周围的宜居带。
Some in the habitable zone around their stars.
有些表面可能带有液态水。
Some, potentially, with liquid water on the surface.
未来寻找生命证据的任务的候选世界。
Candidate worlds for future missions to search for evidence of life.
但我们也发现了成群结队的奇异、饱受折磨的世界……
But we've also found hordes of bizarre, tortured worlds...
..绕着猛烈的恒星运行。
..orbiting around violent stars.
还有大量的流氓行星......
And a multitude of rogue planets...
..我们所理解的复杂生活似乎是不可能的。
..where complex life as we understand it seems impossible.
也许正是这些世界暗示了为什么……
Perhaps it's these worlds that hint at the reason why...
..就目前而言，一颗行星是分开的。
..for now, one planet stands apart.
独自的。
Alone.
我们的星球似乎在很大程度上摆脱了暴♥力♥，
Our planet seems to have largely escaped the violence,
混乱和不断的变化
the chaos and the constant change
这似乎是像银河系这样的星系的特征。
that seems to characterise a galaxy like the Milky Way.
是的，发生了奇怪的大灭绝，
Yes, there's been the odd mass extinction,
但地球上有一条不间断的生命链
but there's been an unbroken chain of life here on Earth
追溯到四十亿年前。
stretching back four billion years.
如果那是你需要从生命的起源出发
And if that's what you need to go from the origin of life
对于一个文明，那么尽管可能有数十亿个世界
to a civilisation, then although there may be billions of worlds
在生命开始的地方，文明可能很少。
out there where life began, there may be very few civilisations.
但这只是一种意见。
But that's just an opinion.
这是一个有根据的猜测。
It's an educated guess.
考虑到问题的深刻性，
And given the profound nature of the question,
无论猜测多么有教养，我认为这将是荒谬的
no matter how educated the guess, I think it would be ridiculous
让我们停止寻找，无论是在我们的银河系内外。
for us to stop looking, both inside our galaxy and beyond.
因为我们可能刚刚得到了第一眼
For we may have just received the first glimpse
银河系之外的世界……
of a world beyond the Milky Way...
..大约 3000 万光年远，
..around 30 million light years away,
坐落在漩涡星系的旋臂中。
nestled in the spiral arms of the Whirlpool Galaxy.
一个土星那么大的世界。
A world the size of Saturn.
这一发现标志着我们视野的扩展。
A find that marks an expansion of our horizons.
寻找河外行星的开始。
The beginning of the hunt for extragalactic planets.
围绕恒星运行的行星的潜在发现
The potential discovery of a planet orbiting around a star
在另一个星系是我从未想过会看到的东西。
in another galaxy is something that I never thought I'd see.
它开启了一个有趣的可能性，我们或许能够
And it opens up the intriguing possibility that we might be able
不仅要探索这个问题，“我们在银河系中是孤独的吗？”
to explore not only the question, "Are we alone in our galaxy?"
但是“我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗？”
but "Are we alone in the universe?"
这个问题的答案可能在遥远的未来。
The answer to that question may lie far in the future.
我们可能永远不会回答这个问题，
We might never answer that question,
但我说的问题是“我们是孤独的吗？” 是深刻的
but I said the question "Are we alone?" is profound
因为回答它会教我们更多
because answering it would teach us much more
关于成为人类意味着什么。
about what it means to be human.
嗯，我认为我们在每个世界都变得更加人性化
Well, I think we become a little bit more human with every world
我们探索是因为这种能力奠定了基础，
that we explore because that ability to lay the foundations,
探索我们可能永远得不到答案的问题
to explore questions to which we may never receive answers
在我们的有生之年，给我们孩子的问题
in our lifetime, questions for our children
或者我们的孙子来回答
or our grandchildren to answer
是人类意义的基本组成部分。
is a fundamental part of what it means to be human.
这是使我们如此特别的基本部分
It's a fundamental part of what makes us so special
在这个小世界，仰望星空，
here on this little world, looking up at the stars,
无论我们是否孤独。
whether we're alone or not.
五，四，
Five, four,
三、二……
three, two...
启动引擎。 一，零，
Engine start. One, zero,
以及与开普勒一起发射 Delta II 火箭
and liftoff of the Delta II rocket with Kepler
以某种类似于我们自己的方式寻找行星。
on a search for planets in some way like our own.
我们曾努力让成千上万的人一起工作
We had worked to get thousands of people to work together
并且这一切都融合在一起。
and it's all coming together.
我们有分离。
And we have separation.
看到他们参与的项目真是太激动了
It was so emotional to see the project they had worked on
这么多年或几十年终于上太空了
for so many years or decades finally go to space
所有的希望和承诺都捆绑在机器中。
and all that hope and promise all bundled up in the machinery.
开普勒很快就成??功了，
Kepler was an immediate success,
发现超过 2,000 颗新行星
discovering over 2,000 new planets
在其运营的前四年。
in its first four years of operation.
但在2012年夏天，
But in the summer of 2012,
该小组面临威胁整个特派团的挑战。
the team faced a challenge that threatened the entire mission.
开普勒任务需要运行的东西之一
One of the things that the Kepler mission needs to operate
是反作用轮，可以旋转并将其固定在目标上。
are reaction wheels that spin and hold it on target.
所以它总是指向相同的星星并且不会摇晃。
So it always points at the same stars and doesn't jiggle.
好吧，我们有四个轮子可以做到这一点。
Well, we had four wheels that did that.
我们知道我们只有几个备用陀螺仪，
And we knew that we only had a couple of spare gyroscopes,
我们知道航♥天♥器往往会出现陀螺仪故障。
and we knew that spacecraft tend to have gyros fail.
过了一会儿，它失败了。
And after a while, it failed.
三个月后，第二个失败了。
Three months later, the second one failed.
既然我们需要三个，
And since we needed three,
我们再也看不到开普勒的视野了。
we could no longer look at the Kepler field of view.
我曾希望他们能找到一种方法来使用两个陀螺仪，
I had hoped that they'll figure out a way to work with two gyros,
他们确实做到了。
and indeed they did.