宇宙（2021）

可以在这个动画中看到。
can be seen in this animation.
你可以看到大多数恒星都在非常规则的轨道上运行
You can see that most of the stars orbit in very regular orbits
围绕银河系中心——
around the centre of the Milky Way -
这正是你所期望的——
that's exactly what you'd expect -
但是你可以在这里看到一些星星
but you can see here that some of the stars
确实有非常不同的轨道。
have very different orbits indeed.
他们似乎到处飞。
They seem to be flying all over the place.
这告诉我们在某个时候发生了一些戏剧性的事情
And that tells us that something dramatic happened at some point
当我们的银河系穿过宇宙时。
as our galaxy made its way through the universe.
穿越宇宙，
Across the universe,
数千亿个星系正在形成。
hundreds of billions of galaxies were forming.
有些，只有几十个，出生在离银河系很近的地方……
Some, just a few dozen, were born close enough to the Milky Way...
..他们相互的引力把他们拉到了一起……
..that their mutual gravitational pull drew them together...
..形成我们现在所知的本地星系群，
..forming what we now know as the local group of galaxies,
我们的家乡群岛。
our home archipelago.
戏剧性的音乐剧
DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYS
在地球形成之前的 60 亿年，
Six billion years before the Earth formed,
一些银河系恒星已经拥有自己的行星。
some of the Milky Way stars already had their own planets.
即将见证的早期世界
Early worlds that were about to witness
银河系的转变。
the transformation of the galaxy.
天文学的美妙之处在于你可以看
The wonderful thing about astronomy is that you can look
飞上天空，即使你看不到世界，
up into the sky, and even if you can't see worlds,
你可以想象他们，你可以想象他们的故事。
you can imagine them and you can imagine their stories.
在那边...
Over there...
..靠近明亮的织女星是 Kepler-444，
..close to the bright star Vega is Kepler-444,
微弱的古老恒星和围绕它运行的行星，
the faint ancient star, and planets orbiting around it,
这几乎见证了整个历史
that's witnessed pretty much the entire history
银河系。
of the Milky Way galaxy.
然后也许在天空中摆动......
And then maybe swing around in the sky...
..就在行星星座附近
..just close to the planet constellation
每个人都能认出
that everybody can recognise
并遵循它。
and follow it down.
那里有一颗非常微弱的星星。
There's a really faint star there.
你不能用肉眼看到它。
You can't see it with the naked eye.
它是如此不起眼，甚至没有名字。 它有一个数字。
It's so nondescript it doesn't even have a name. It's got a number.
它被称为 HD 73394。
It's called HD 73394.
但那颗星是外星。
But that star is an alien star.
它诞生于另一个星系，
It was born in another galaxy,
它进入了银河系
and it entered the Milky Way
在与一个较小星系的星系碰撞中。
in a galactic collision with a smaller galaxy.
那边的 Kepler-444 目睹了这一切
And Kepler-444 over there witnessed it all
并亲眼目睹了银河系陷入混乱。
and witnessed the Milky Way being thrown into chaos.
低隆隆声
LOW RUMBLING
Kepler-444 由五颗行星环绕。
Kepler-444 was orbited by five planets.
他们的天空中出现了一些新的东西。
And something new had appeared in their skies.
一个较小的星系正在接近银河系……
A smaller galaxy was approaching the Milky Way...
..星星燃烧着明亮的蓝色。
..with stars that burn bright blue.
盖亚土卫二。
Gaia Enceladus.
当地团体的一员，
A member of the local group,
大约是我们银河系大小的四分之一。
roughly a quarter of the size of our own galaxy.
数亿年间，星系相互碰撞……
Over hundreds of millions of years, the galaxies collided...
戏剧性的音乐剧
DRAMATIC MUSIC PLAYS
..盖亚土卫二的星星深入穿透
..the stars of Gaia Enceladus penetrating deep
进入银河系的心脏。
into the Milky Way's heart.
但我们的银河系坚守阵地……
But our galaxy held its ground...
..捕获数十亿颗新星。
..capturing billions of incoming stars.
整个银河吞噬了整个。
An entire galaxy swallowed whole.
这些外星恒星至今仍留在我们的银河系中。
These alien stars remain in our galaxy to this day.
盖亚数据告诉我们碰撞是驱动力
The Gaia data tell us that collisions are the driving force
银河进化论。
of galactic evolution.
一些星系不再作为独♥立♥的恒星岛存在……
Some galaxies cease to exist as independent islands of stars...
..而其他人成长和繁荣。
..while others grow and prosper.
适者生存的重要性不言而喻。
The survival of the fittest writ large.
当星系碰撞时——
When galaxies collide -
这句话让我想起了好莱坞灾难片的画面——
that phrase puts images of Hollywood disaster movies into the mind -
星星被撕裂了，但这根本不是发生的事情。
stars getting ripped apart, but that's not what happens at all.
我的意思是，如果你想象我们的太阳......
I mean, if you imagine that our sun...
..让我们说一个小鹅卵石或一粒沙子的大小，
..let's say the size of a small pebble or a grain of sand,
银河系该区域中最近的邻近恒星
the nearest neighbouring star in this region of the galaxy
将在那些山丘的某个地方。
will be somewhere over by those hills.
星星之间的距离是巨大的。
The distances between stars is immense.
星辰不相撞，
The stars don't collide,
所以当星系相互作用时，星星就会分散。
so when galaxies interact, the stars get scattered.
星系的形状发生了变化，但没有任何东西被破坏。
The shape of the galaxy changes, but nothing gets destroyed.
事实上，有时银河系碰撞
And in fact, sometimes galactic collisions
可以是创造的引擎。
can be engines of creation.
外星星系盖亚土卫二，
Gaia Enceladus, the alien galaxy,
带来了新的星际气体供应。
had brought with it fresh supplies of interstellar gas.
恒星形成的原料。
The raw material of star formation.
有一段时间，这种气体提高了银河系
For a time, this gas heightened the rate at which the Milky Way
可以产生新的星星...
could produce new stars...
..帮助它成长。
..helping it to grow.
但早在我们的明星诞生之前，
But long before our star was born,
盖亚土卫二碰撞时代即将结束。
the Gaia Enceladus collision era drew to a close.
是什么触发了太阳的形成
What triggered the formation of the sun
长♥期♥以来一直是一个谜。
has long remained a puzzle.
但是盖亚望远镜已经发现
But the Gaia telescope has discovered
其起源的新线索...
new clues to its origin...
..在数十亿年后发生的事件中......
..in the events that followed billions of years later...
..随着我们的星岛继续进化。
..as our island of stars continued to evolve.
令人振奋的音乐
UPLIFTING MUSIC PLAYS
在遥远的银河系岸边，
On the distant shores of the Milky Way,
盖亚研究了一个史诗般的结构。
Gaia has investigated a structure of epic proportions.
一连串的星星在银河系中蜿蜒而行。
A stream of stars winding their way around the galaxy.
这星流浩大。
This stream of stars is enormous.
它的规模几乎是不可想象的。
It's almost unimaginable in scale.
仰望夜空，那些你能看到的星星
Look up into the night sky, those stars that you can see
最多在几千光年之外。
are at most a few thousand light years away.
想一想 - 光开始了你的眼睛之旅
Think about that - the light began its journey to your eye
来自法老统治埃及时最遥远的星星。
from the most distant stars when the pharaohs ruled Egypt.
然后如果你眺望银河，
And then if you look out to the Milky Way,
到我们银河系的海岸，
to the shores of our galaxy,
你可以看到来自几万光年之外的光。
you see light from a few tens of thousands of light years away.
我的意思是，当有尼安德特人时，那道光就开始了它的旅程
I mean, that light began its journey when there were Neanderthals
在欧洲这里。
here in Europe.
但是这股星流环绕着银河系。
But this stream of stars wraps around the galaxy.
它的范围有几十万光年。
It's hundreds of thousands of light years in extent.
一个庞大的结构需要解释。
A structure that large demands an explanation.
溪流是残骸，是脚印，如果你愿意，
The stream is wreckage, it's footprints, if you like,
一个非常暴♥力♥的事件。
of a very violent event.
盖亚已经证实了这个巨大结构的起源......
Gaia has confirmed the origins of this immense structure...
..通过望远镜的独特能力来帮助我们
..through the telescope's unique ability to help us
穿越时空……
travel through time...
..向后。
..backwards.
数据会讲故事……
The data tell a story...
..新的明星诞生时代。
..of a new age of star birth.
银河系的变迁
Of the transformation of the Milky Way
由另一次银河碰撞引发。
triggered by another galactic collision.
这是来自我们当地小组的另一个星系。
It was another galaxy from our local group.
射手座矮人。
Sagittarius Dwarf.
也许比银河系小20倍，
Perhaps 20 times smaller than the Milky Way,
它在撞击中被撕裂了。
it was torn apart in the impact.
射手座矮人带来了重要成分的新鲜供应
Sagittarius Dwarf brought fresh supplies of the vital ingredient
为明星诞生。
for star birth.
嘶嘶声
HISSING
那是宇宙中最常见元素的声音。
That is the sound for the most common element in the universe.
这台射电望远镜指向银河系，
This radio telescope is pointing towards the Milky Way,
那边刚刚升到地平线之上
which has just risen above the horizon over there
云的背后。
behind the clouds.
以及你在听这种氢气的声音。
And what you're listening to this hydrogen gas.