史前星球（2022）

（大卫爱登堡主持）
恐龙毫无疑问是曾经存在过的最了不起
Surely, one of the most remarkable animals that has ever existed,
也绝对是最著名的动物之一
and certainly one of the most famous, is a dinosaur.
霸王龙
Tyrannosaurus rex.
这是一种能够激发 我们所有人想象力的动物
An animal to spark the imagination for all of us.
恐龙是一种什么样的动物
What kind of an animal was it?
它长什么样 如何生活
What did it look like? How did it live?
现在 科学研究 已经给出了这些问题的答案
Now, scientific research has answered such questions.
不仅仅是霸王龙
And not just about T. rex,
还有和它生活在同一时期的其他物种
but the other species that lived alongside it.
而最新的成像技术 能够把它们活灵活现地展现在我们面前
And the latest imaging technology enables us to bring them all to life.
这是六千六百万年前的地球
Planet Earth, 66 million years ago.
天空中遍布飞翔的巨兽
The skies are filled with flying giants.
海洋深处游弋着巨大的爬行动物
In the seas, monstrous reptiles patrol the depths.
陆地上的各种恐龙
And on land, dinosaurs of every kind,
都面临着生存的威胁
all facing the struggle to survive.
如今 我们对那个 曾被恐龙统治的世界已知之甚多
We now know so much about a world that was ruled by the dinosaurs.
这就是它们的故事
This is their story.
《沙漠》
南美洲西部
The west of South America
是这个史前星球上最荒凉的地方之一
and one of the most desolate places on this prehistoric planet.
只有少数动物会来这里探险
Few animals venture here,
但这里是一个舞台 上演着地球上 最不寻常的聚会之一
yet it is the stage for one of the most extraordinary gatherings on Earth.
无畏巨龙
Dreadnoughtus.
它隶属泰坦巨龙类别 身高约26米 重40吨♥
Titanosaurs. Eighty-five feet long and weighing 40 tons.
这些都是雄性无畏巨龙
These are all males,
它们和富饶的森林觅食地相距很多公里
and they're many miles from their rich forest feeding grounds.
它们来到这里的原因只有一个 为获得交♥配♥机会而战
They come here for only one reason: to fight for the chance to mate.
成群的雌性无畏巨龙 仔细打量着新来的雄性们
Crowds of females scrutinize the newly arriving males,
评估它们力量的大小以及适不适合当配偶
assessing their strength and suitability.
这种泰坦巨龙巨大的脖子
The titanosaurs' immense necks
是由一副超轻的充满空气的骨架支撑起来
are supported by an ultralightweight air-filled skeleton.
它们中空的颈骨连接着一系列伸缩囊
Their hollow neck bones are connected to a series of bellows
能使脖子上的奇怪咽喉气囊膨胀
that inflate bizarre gular air sacs.
求偶表演令人印象深刻的雄性 会吸引最多雌性的关注
Those males with the most impressive displays will attract the most females.
这只被尘土染成白色的雄性无畏龙
This huge bull, white with dust,
两周以来一直霸占着舞台的中心
has held the center stage for two weeks.
它重达50吨♥
He weighs nearly 50 tons.
到目前为止 它的表演
And his display has, so far,
令所有挑战者们望而生畏
intimidated all challengers.
但这只新来的…
But this new arrival…
却没有望而却步
is not deterred.
抬起如此庞大的身躯使它们精疲力尽
Lifting up such a huge body is exhausting.
这是一场耐力之战
It's a battle of endurance.
随着战斗愈发激烈 双方都试图伤到对方
As the conflict intensifies, each fighter tries to wound the other,
用每根拇指上 那像匕♥首♥一样锋利的刺去刺对方
stabbing with sharp dagger-like spikes on each thumb
并用牙齿去撕咬对方的皮
and raking the skin with their teeth.
直到最终
Until, eventually…
将对手打倒
the knockout blow.
老无畏巨龙的统治终于结束了
The old bull's rule is finally over.
年轻的胜利者取代它登上了舞台中♥央♥
The young victor takes his turn on the center stage.
对于某些无畏巨龙而言 失败的代价非常高
The price of defeat, for some, is very high.
尽管有些动物很好地适应了沙漠环境
Even though some animals are well adapted to desert conditions,
它们的生存依旧如履薄冰
their survival is often on a knife-edge.
尤其是在亚洲地区
Especially here in Asia,
这里的盛夏时节
where, in the height of summer,
气温飙升至60摄氏度以上
temperatures soar above 60 degrees Celsius…
水会瞬间蒸发
and water evaporates in an instant.
这里也有看起来很凶猛的爬行动物
There are ferocious-looking reptiles here too.
但这只小蜥蜴只有不到30厘米长
But this little lizard is only a few inches long.
在这里 想吃上顿饭从来都不容易
Here, getting a meal is never easy.
这具巨大的尸体也许是食物来源
This immense carcass could be promising.
这是一只死去的伊森龙
A dead sauropod.
对许多动物来说 这可能是一场盛宴
A potential feast for many.
但奇怪的是 一切都风平浪静
But, strangely, all is quiet.
特暴龙
Tarbosaurus…
它们是这片沙漠中相当于霸王龙的存在
the equivalent, in this desert, of T. rex.
其他生物看见它们都不敢上前
They keep everyone else away.
但对蜥蜴来说 它们可能会带来机会
But for the lizard, they might bring an opportunity.
如果有什么东西比尸体更能吸引苍蝇的话
If there is one thing that attracts flies more than a carcass…
那一定是刚吃完尸体 正熟睡的特暴龙
it's a sleeping tarbosaur that has been feeding on that carcass.
是时候大胆出击了
Time to be bold.
来了一只迅猛龙
A Velociraptor.
要小心点了
Time to be careful.
因为迅猛龙们经常一起捕猎
Because Velociraptors often hunt together.
特暴龙走了
The tarbosaurs move on.
现在翼龙可以落地了
And now the pterosaurs can come down…
也到这具尸体旁分一杯羹
and claim a share of the carcass.
对这只小蜥蜴来说 机会已然逝去
For the little lizard, the opportunity has gone.
抓住稍纵即逝的机会 是在沙漠中生存的关键
Making the most of fleeting chances is key to surviving in the desert,
有些恐龙确实能非常有效地做到这一点
and some dinosaurs manage to do so very effectively indeed.
单爪龙是沙漠生存专家
Mononykus is a desert specialist.
像许多沙漠中的动物一样
Like many desert animals,
如果想要找到足够的食物 它必须在大♥片♥区域里寻找
she must patrol a huge area if she is to find enough food.
没有毛发的光腿能帮助它保持身体凉爽
Bare legs help keep her body cool.
身上的羽毛能保护它免受阳光的照射
Feathers on her body shield her from the sun's rays,
还为它提供了超强的感知力
and they provide her with a super sense.
它脸上的羽毛形成圆盘状 帮助它探测到最微弱的声音
They form facial discs that help her detect the faintest of sounds.
这种高度敏感的方向性听觉
Such hypersensitive directional hearing
让它了解到这个空心木头的结构 以及里面藏了什么
gives her a mental map of this hollow log and what lies within.
它现在所使用的武器 正是这只猎手名字的由来
She now uses the weapon that gives this hunter its name.
单爪龙 即单只巨爪
Mononykus, single giant claw.
正是它打开白蚁巢穴所需要的工具
Just what she needs to open a termite's nest.
它还有另一件特殊的设备
And she has another special piece of equipment.
它那灵活的舌头是头的两倍长
A flexible tongue twice the length of her head.
就这样 它享用了一顿富含蛋白质的美餐
An excellent protein-packed meal,
要是白蚁没这么烦人就好了
if only termites weren't quite so irritating.
像单爪龙这样的沙漠专家 可以在这片干旱的沙漠中茁壮成长
Specialists like Mononykus can thrive in this arid desert.
但沙漠中的情况不总是一成不变
But such conditions don't always stay the same.
罕见情况下
On rare occasions,
凉爽的山风吹进来 与上升的热空气混合在一起
cooler mountain winds sweep in and mix with the rising hot air.
一场沙漠风暴带来了一场可喜的大雨
A desert storm, bringing with it welcome rain.
它可能从未见过这片土地如此湿漉漉
She may never before have seen the land soaked like this.
这场大雨以意想不到的方式 改变了这片土地
It transforms this landscape in unexpected ways.
休眠的种子突然发芽
Seeds that have been lying dormant burst into life.
几天内就改变了这片贫瘠的土地
They transform this arid landscape in a matter of days.
伴随着植物而来的是丰富的食物
And with the vegetation comes an abundance of food,
只要你知道如何抓住它
if you know how to catch it.
反鸟是一种古老的鸟
Enantiornithines, an ancient type of bird.
但也许有点太大了 很难对付
But perhaps a little too big to tackle.
要适应如此不同和陌生的世界可能很困难
It can be hard adapting to such a different and unfamiliar world.
天啊
Oh, dear.
它终于吃上了一口
Finally, she's got something.
但这些新挑战将是短暂的
But these new challenges will be brief.
在沙漠中有一件事是肯定的
One thing is certain in the desert:
灼热的高温和焦土很快就会回来
Searing heat and scorched earth will soon return.
这些花终将成为遥远的记忆
Flowers will be nothing more than a distant memory.
不仅仅是太阳无情的能量
It's not just the unrelenting power of the sun
使得沙漠如此不适宜居住
that makes deserts so inhospitable.
还有狂风
So too do winds.
在中亚地区 狂风猛烈地掠过大地
Here in central Asia, they rip across the landscape,
土地变得更加干燥 植被被连根拔起
drying out the land still further and uprooting vegetation.
大型恐龙不断迁徙
Large dinosaurs keep on the move
试图应对这些恶劣的环境
to try to cope with these harsh conditions.
这些鸭嘴龙叫巴尔斯伯迪亚恐龙
These duck-billed dinosaurs are Barsboldia.
它们是远距离迁徙专家
They are long-distance specialists
可以在没有水的情况下 在沙漠中行进相当长时间
and can go without water for an astonishing length of time.
但它们偶然也会遇到水源充足的情况
But on rare occasions, there is an abundance.
当真的下雨后
When rain does fall,
雨水会渗入土地 并在地下流动很远的距离
it can seep into the land and travel great distances underground.
直到在一些特殊的地方 地下水会升上地面
Until, in some special places, the water rises to the surface