史前星球（2022）

（大卫爱登堡主持）
恐龙毫无疑问是曾经存在过的最了不起
Surely, one of the most remarkable animals that has ever existed,
也绝对是最著名的动物之一
and certainly one of the most famous, is a dinosaur.
霸王龙
Tyrannosaurus rex.
这是一种能够激发 我们所有人想象力的动物
An animal to spark the imagination for all of us.
恐龙是一种什么样的动物
What kind of an animal was it?
它长什么样 如何生活
What did it look like? How did it live?
现在 科学研究 已经给出了这些问题的答案
Now, scientific research has answered such questions.
不仅仅是霸王龙
And not just about T. rex,
还有和它生活在同一时期的其他物种
but the other species that lived alongside it.
而最新的成像技术 能够把它们活灵活现地展现在我们面前
And the latest imaging technology enables us to bring them all to life.
这是六千六百万年前的地球
Planet Earth, 66 million years ago.
天空中遍布飞翔的巨兽
The skies are filled with flying giants.
海洋深处游弋着巨大的爬行动物
In the seas, monstrous reptiles patrol the depths.
陆地上的各种恐龙
And on land, dinosaurs of every kind,
都面临着生存的威胁
all facing the struggle to survive.
如今 我们对那个 曾被恐龙统治的世界已知之甚多
We now know so much about a world that was ruled by the dinosaurs.
这就是它们的故事
This is their story.
《森林》
南美洲的森林里 生长着一些世界上最高的参天大树
The forests in South America contain some of the world's tallest trees.
它们可以长到超过91米高
They can grow to a height of over 300 feet.
其实这里也有动物界的巨人
But there are animal giants here too.
食植性恐龙
Plant-eating dinosaurs.
这些是南方波赛东龙
These are Austroposeidon.
它们身长24米
They're 80 feet long.
食量巨大无比
And they have colossal appetites.
它们的牙齿不是用于咀嚼
Their teeth are used not to chew,
而单纯是用于切割
but simply to cut.
像这样一群南方波赛东龙 每天能吃掉10吨♥植物
A herd like this one can consume ten tons of vegetation every day.
它们喜欢吃树枝末端的嫩叶
They prefer the tender, young leaves that grow on the tips of the branches.
但如果发现比自己更高的树
But if they find trees that are even taller than they are,
它们也绝不认输
they're not defeated.
它们会借助自己巨大的体重 和20厘米厚的胸骨
They use their great weight and their 8-inch-thick breastbone
直接将这些树推倒
to simply push the trees over.
成功了
Success.
但森林里的生活永远都像一场战斗
But life in the forest is always a battle.
尤其是当新的生存空间被创造出来的时候
Especially when new space is created.
植物竞相争夺阳光
Plants race to claim the light…
并千方百计地试图占据上风
and use every kind of method to gain the upper hand.
树冠上的空隙很快就被填满了
The gap in the canopy is soon closed.
地球上超过四分之三的土地 都被植物和树木所覆盖
Over three-quarters of the world's land is covered by plants and trees.
这个史前星球是一个绿色星球
This prehistoric planet is a green planet.
森林里生活着许多不同种类的恐龙
Many different species of dinosaur live in forests.
三角龙是是北美地区最大的恐龙之一
Triceratops, one of the biggest in North America.
它们身长可达8米
They can be 26 feet long.
它们头上巨大的壳皱 可以在打斗时起到保护作用
The huge frills on their heads are used for protection when they fight.
而植物也有防御机制
But plants have defenses too.
那就是释放有毒物质
Poisonous toxins.
这些有毒物质对恐龙幼崽来说尤为危险
These are particularly dangerous for youngsters.
这只幼崽的体重只有它母亲的五十分之一
This calf weighs only a 50th of the weight of his mother.
有毒物质会令它病得不轻
And the plant's toxins could make him very sick indeed.
但三角龙有一个对付这些毒素的方法
But Triceratops have a way of dealing with such poisons.
它们会使用解药
They use an antidote.
解药的来源之一 在它们经常去的一个山洞里
One source of it lies in a cave to which they pay regular visits.
然而这只幼崽从没来过这里
This youngster, however, has never been in here before.
它们必须沿着通道找到解药所在之处
They have to find their way along a passage
而经过数千年的时间 这条通道早就被地下河流所侵蚀
that, over many millennia, has been eroded by an underground river.
它们现在身处伸手不见五指的黑暗中
They are now beyond the reach of light.
什么也看不见
They can't see a thing.
幼崽必须靠近它的家人
The calf must stick close to his family.
但也不能太近了
But not too close.
现在 转错一个弯都可能导致灾难性后果
Now, one wrong turn could be disastrous.
三角龙群最终到达了它们的目的地
At last, the herd reaches the place they need to visit.
这就是解药：一种特殊的泥土
This is the antidote: a special clay.
这些泥土被称为舔泥 经常会有动物来这里使用舔泥
These are known as clay licks, and they're visited time and again.
然而有个小家伙不见了
But someone is missing.
它的幼崽哪去了
Where is her calf?
幸运之神站在了幼崽这一边
Luck was on the youngster's side.
等它用泥土塞满肚子
Once he's lined his stomach with clay,
它同样也不会被毒素侵害 可以放心食用树叶了
he too will be protected from the poisons in the leaves on which he feeds.
它们很快就会回到森林和阳光中去
Soon they will all head back to the forest and daylight.
事实上 很少有阳光
In fact, very little of the sun's light
能照射到这些茂密森林的地面上
reaches the floor of these dense forests.
在巴塔哥尼亚
In Patagonia,
茂密的植被绵延上千公里
the thick vegetation stretches unbroken for hundreds of miles.
但植被中间偶尔也会有块 神秘的空地 比如这里
But occasionally, there are mysterious clearings, like this one.
这神秘空地其实是这只 2吨♥重 3.6米高雄性食肉牛龙的杰作
It's the work of a two-ton, 12-foot tall Carnotaurus. A male.
它花了很长时间来清理这块地
Clearing this patch has taken him a long time.
但如果想让这地方保持整洁 那就要不断地打扫
And it needs constant attention if it is to remain tidy.
这是一个舞台 它可以 在这里向雌性展示自己
It's a stage on which he can show off to females.
一切准备就绪 它可以开始了
All is ready, and he announces the fact.
它呼叫的声音很低沉
His calls are low-pitched
低音调声音在浓密植被中传播的距离
and travel much farther through the dense vegetation
要比高音调声音远得多
than higher-pitched ones would do.
终于来了一只雌性牛龙
At last, a female arrives.
它的体型比这只雄性要大 也更有力量
She's bigger than the male and more powerful.
现在无论如何 雄性都必须给雌性留下好印象
Now, somehow, he must impress her.
而且它可能只有这一次机会
And he may only get this one chance.
雌性牛龙仔细地看着雄性牛龙
She watches him carefully.
如果想要打动它
If he is going to impress her,
雄性必须采用最不同寻常的方式
he must do so in the most extraordinary way.
它没有巨大的角 也没有惊人的尾巴
He doesn't have huge antlers, nor a spectacular tail.
但它确实有一对迷你 显然无用的手臂
But he does have a pair of tiny, apparently useless arms.
每只手臂的根部都有一个球窝关节
And each has a ball and socket joint at its base
这使它可以让每只手臂独♥立♥摆动
that enables him to move them independently.
今天没成功
Not today.
它怎样才能做得更好呢 没人知道
How could he have done better? Who knows?
现在还是回去捡垃圾吧
For now, it's back to litter picking.
这是东亚地区
This is East Asia.
这里的山林很早就入秋了
In these mountain forests, autumn arrives early.
在这个时节 很多树木开始结果
This is when many trees produce their fruit.
其中最珍贵的要数银杏树的坚果
And amongst the most highly prized are the nuts of the Ginkgo tree.
对于这种叫做冠盗龙的恐龙来说 这可谓是个狂欢节了
A bonanza for dinosaurs called Corythoraptors.
虽然它们有羽毛 但却不会飞
Although they have feathers, they're flightless.
这些冠盗龙找到了许多 从树上掉下来的果实
These have found a particularly abundant fall of fruit.
但这样的聚会可能会招来不怀好意的关注
But such gatherings can attract unwelcome attention.
虔州龙是亚洲森林里的顶级掠食者
Qianzhousaurus, the top predator in these Asiatic forests.
这是只身长超过9米的雌性虔州龙
This is a female, over 30 feet long.
若它想抓一只冠盗龙的话 就必须先接近它们
If she is to catch a Corythoraptor, she'll have to get close.
这里没有太多的掩护
There's not much cover here.
但猎物们还没发现它的身影
But her prey have still not noticed her.
它失败了
She has failed.
但纵观生命的历史
But then, most hunts,
大多数的捕猎都是以失败告终
throughout the history of life, fail most of the time.
随着季风的加强
As the seasonal winds strengthen,
这些温带森林中的许多树木开始落叶
many of the trees in these temperate forests start to lose their leaves.
冬天将会是一段艰难的时期
Winter will be a time of hardship.
不过 风暴确实给猎手们 带来了短暂的机会
Nevertheless, a storm does create a brief opportunity for hunters.
它再次尝试捕食
She's trying again.
它在阴沉天气中不那么显眼 狂风也会分散猎物的注意力
She's less conspicuous in the gloom, and the gusting wind is distracting.
捕到一只36公斤的猎物
An 80-pound prize.
因为冬天就要到来 这猎物也就格外珍贵
All the more valuable, since winter is now closing in.
在北美州的森林里
In the forests of North America,
这里的森林居民每年 还会遇到一个额外的危险
there is an additional annual hazard for forest dwellers.
由闪电引起的火灾
Fire, started by a strike of lightning.
随着火势扩散 温度会上升到一千摄氏度以上
As it spreads, temperatures rise to over 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.
火焰升至200米左右的高空中
The flames rise several hundred feet into the air.
大多数动物会逃命离开这里
Most animals flee.
但这只埃德蒙顿龙有家庭成员要照顾
But this Edmontosaurus has a family to care for.
它不会抛弃它们
She doesn't abandon them.
现在在大火熄灭前 它们必须尽力躲避大火
Now they must keep one step ahead of the blaze until it burns out.