地球脉动（2006）

《地球脉动2》 第一季 第六集
在过去的六千年
In the last 6,000 years
地球的表面发生了突然的变化
the surface of our planet has undergone a sudden change.
一个新的栖息地已经出现
A new habitat has appeared,
完全人为设计和建造的这个景观
entirely designed and constructed by one species for its own purpose.
也许会对动物的生命造成威胁
This man-made landscape may seem alien to animal life
但对于勇者来说 这是一个充满奇妙机遇的世界
but for the bold, this is a world of surprising opportunity.
城市
印度焦特布尔市
Jodhpur, India.
一群单身的雄性长尾叶猴
A gang of bachelor male langurs
前来挑战这块领地的雄性首领
has come to challenge the resident alpha male.
他统治着这片珍贵的城市领土
This alpha rules over a valuable urban territory.
但维护权威是一场长♥期♥的斗争
But maintaining dominance here is a constant struggle.
单身雄猴们联合起来试图推♥翻♥猴王
The bachelors have united to try and overthrow him.
如果他们胜利了 其中一位挑战者
If they win, one of the challengers
将继承猴王的后宫
will take over the alpha's troop of females,
并杀死他的幼崽
and may kill his infants.
这个单身猴群里有十五只公猴
There are 15 males in this bachelor group.
猴王必须把他们全部逐出自己的领地
The alpha must evict every single one of them from his territory.
他已经赶走了半数挑战者
He has chased half the bachelors away,
但有一支小分队折了回来
but a splinter group has looped back
正在骚扰他的母猴们
and is harassing his females.
他不得不再次加入战斗
Once again, he has to battle.
终于赶走了所有来犯者
Finally, he manages to expel them all.
他凯♥旋♥而归
He returns home victorious,
但右腿受了重伤
but with a serious wound on his right leg.
对他而言 城市生活布满荆棘
It's a hard life for him in the city.
每天都上演着入侵驱逐战
Keeping the intruders away is a daily challenge.
但一切都值得
But it's worth it.
对长尾叶猴来说
For these urban territories
这边城区也许是世上最优良的栖息地
are probably the best langur territories in the world.
因为遍地都是觅食场
They're filled with rich feeding grounds.
在这些寺院花♥园♥中
Here in the temple gardens,
几百年来 长尾叶猴与人类建立了一种奇妙的关系
the langurs have, over centuries, developed a surprising relationship.
这层关系为猴群提供了源源不断的食物
One that guarantee's them a constantly replenished source of food.
当地人将长尾叶猴视为印度教中猴神哈奴曼的化身
The people here associate langurs with the Hindu God, Lord Hanuman,
对他们毕恭毕敬
and revere them.
珍馐佳肴 应有尽有
They're given all the food they can eat.
优质饮食带来了生育高峰
And this high-energy diet has led to a baby boom.
城市里雌性长尾叶猴的生育率
Female langurs in this city
是森林中同类的两倍
give birth to twice as many young as their forest counterparts.
这只母猴伙食很好 奶水充足到
This mother is so well fed that her rich milk
能养育起野外极其罕见的小生命
can support something rarely seen in the wild.
双胞胎
Twins.
这些幼崽聚集成群
And all these babies can create troops
队伍比周边森林里的要大得多
that are far larger than those found in the forests nearby.
觅食时间缩短 使得他们有更多时间可以玩耍
With less time spent looking for food,there is more time for play.
生活在城市中好处良多
The rewards of living in a city can be huge.
难的是如何寻找自己的一席之地
The challenge is to find your niche.
这样一个世界 并不是专为野生动物的
But how to create a home in a world that wasn't designed for wildlife?
灯光 声音和忙碌超过任何地方的自然世界
It's far brighter, louder and busier than anywhere in the natural world.
持续的交通造成了动物运动的障碍
The continuous traffic creates barriers to animal movement.
今后十年 城市面♥积♥预计将
And in this decade,the urban environment
扩张约百分之三十
is predicted to grow by nearly 30%.
更重要的是 来这里的
What's more, to come here,
动物必须与世界顶级捕食者竞争
animals have to compete with the world's top predator.
人们建立了这里的规则
People makes the rules here.
四十亿人口现在居住在城市环境中
Four billion human beings now live in the urban environment.
在这里 动物必须抗争最大的变化
It's here that animals have to contend with the greatest change
发生在我们的星球
that is happenning to the face our planet.
所以为什么会有动物想来这里呢
So why would any animal want to come here?
纽约市
New York City.
这座高楼林立的城市 与地球上许多地方一样远离自然
This densely built-up landscape is as unnatural as anywhere on Earth.
而这只游隼正站在高处 俯瞰这座城市
And yet this wild peregrine falcon looks out onto an ideal habitat.
奇怪的是 这片变化巨大的土地
Strange as it may seem, this vastly-altered landscape
竟然重现了游隼进化的生境
replicates the conditions in which peregrines evolved.
高耸的建筑上面有许多平台
The towering buildings have a multitude of ledges
可供游隼筑巢
on which falcons can nest
鸟巢高度也足够他们乘风飞翔
and the high perches that they need to catch the wind.
纽约市的游隼密度
New York City has the highest density
居世界之最
of nesting peregrines anywhere on the planet.
风被摩天大楼阻挡后会向上偏转
Winds striking the sides of the skyscrapers
有利于游隼飞得更高
are deflected upwards and can help the birds gain height.
烈日下大面♥积♥的混凝土散发的热量形成上升热气流
And the great areas of concrete roasting in the sun create thermals,
游隼不费吹灰之力便可以在城市上空翱翔
so that, with very little effort， the birds can soar over the city.
不计其数的游隼定居于此
And so many peregrines can live here,
是因为城市近地面生活着许多猎物
because down at street level, there is a lot of potential prey.
游隼俯冲时的飞行时速
Diving from height, the falcons can reach speeds
超过时速三百二十二公里
of over 200 miles an hour.
但猎物躲在低处 离建筑物很近
But their prey stay down low and close to the buildings.
风险太大了
Too risky.
它停止了俯冲
The peregrine pulls out of his stoop.
但辛苦不会白费
But the effort is not wasted.
游隼需要将猎物驱赶到开阔地带
The falcons need to flush their prey into the open.
曼哈顿四面环水
And Manhattan is surrounded by water.
出城后便可谓胜券在握
Out here the odds change.
正中游隼下怀
And in the peregrine's favour.
一年到头都有着丰富的食物
With abundant prey here all year round,
仅用了四十年
it has taken only 40 years
游隼在此建立栖息地
for these falcons to establish themselves here.
穿梭在摩登大厦中
And now, among skyscrapers, they're more successful
与旷野中的同类相比 它们更胜一筹
than their cousins living in the wilderness.
印度孟买♥♥人口超过两千万
Mumbai, in India, is home to over 20 million people..
也生存着许多猎食者
And there are predators here
尽管难得一见 也着实令人胆战心惊
that, though rarely seen, are rightly feared.
食肉动物们
Carnivores,
正向着毫无戒心的猎物
lured by the prospect of plentiful unsuspecting prey
一步步靠近
are on the prowl.
一只金钱豹
A leopard.
在夜色的掩护下 他们每晚都会出来猎食
Every night, under the cover of darkness they come out to hunt.
大型食肉动物需要
These are big animals,
寻找大型猎物才能充饥
and they're looking for large prey to satisfy their hunger.
为了多捕捉一些画面揭示他们的猎食行为
To catch more than a glimpse of them and reveal their hunting behaviour,
我们需要夜视摄像机
you need night-vision cameras.
在过去的二十五年里
Leopards have attacked almost 200 people here
金钱豹袭击过约两百个人
in the last 25 years.
但人类并不是他们日常的捕食对象
But humans are not their usual prey.
这些金钱豹在寻找其他猎物
These leopards are on the hunt for something else.
猪
Pigs.
他们更喜欢人类圈养在城市里
These leopards prefer to hunt the domestic animals
数量可观的家畜
that people have brought to the city in considerable numbers.
猪喜欢群居
The pigs keep their family close.
城市里无休止的嘈杂为金钱豹提供了便利
The ceaseless noise of the city plays to their advantage.
掩盖了他们的脚步
It conceals their approach.
金钱豹利用掩护能在全城各地捕猎
And the leopards are using this cover to hunt all over the city.
这个种群日益繁荣
This is a thriving population.
事实上 世界上金钱豹数量最多的地方
In fact, the highest concentration of leopards in the world
就是这里
is right here.
充足的食物并不是吸引野生动物迁入城市的唯一要素
It's not only the abundance of food that attracts wild animals to cities.
城市的气温通常比郊外略高几度
They're usually several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside.
十二月的罗马
And here in Rome, in Decembe
有一种动物充分利用着这丝温暖
one animal is taking full advantage of this extra heat.
在城市中留下自己的印记
And it's leaving it's mark.
冬季的每一天
In a single winter's day,
都有十吨♥粪便雨降临这座城市
ten tonnes of its droppings rain down on the city.
欧椋鸟
Starlings.
夜晚 它们在郊外摄食后
In the evening, they come back to the warmth of the city
返回温暖的城市
after feeding in the neighbouring countryside.
它们必须返回栖息地
They must return to their roosting trees.
但第一个回来的最有可能
But the first to do so are at the highest risk
被猛禽袭击
of being caught by birds of prey.