全球绝美国家公园（2022）

但母牛发出了清晰的信息
but she gives him a clear message.
一头年龄稍大的领头牛来到水坑
A dominant older male arrives at the water hole.
护林员叫它“阿托提”
Rangers call him Atoti.
一头年轻的母犀牛
A young female.
还远远没到交♥配♥的年龄，所以它对对方不感兴趣
Too young to mate, she's not interested in him.
公牛的不开心演变成了敌意
His frustration leads to hostility.
它试图通过牛角抬起母牛的后腿 把它绊倒
He uses his horn to try and hook her hind legs and trip her up.
其他母牛和幼崽决定离开
The other females and calves decide it's time to go.
年轻的母牛成功逃离对方
The young female manages to outrun him.
阿托提冷静了下来
And Atoti cools off.
随着旱季的持续
As the dry season continues,
公园附近许多自然水源慢慢消失
many of the natural water sources around the park slowly disappear.
但北部有个地方 那里是永恒的绿洲
But there is a special place to the north which is a permanent oasis.
厚厚的云层高悬在从察沃西部拔地而起的
The cloud forests high in the Chyulu Hills
丘鲁山脉上方
rise out of the plains in Tsavo West.
山脉由多孔透气的火山岩构成，所以能吸收降水
Formed from porous, volcanic rock, they absorb rainfall,
形成地下水库
creating underground reservoirs.
降水花了20多年的时间，渗入下面的平原
It takes over 20 years for the water to seep through to the plains below...
然后在西玛泉
...where it emerges in a constant supply...
不断喷涌而出
at Mzima Springs...
在斯瓦希里语中，这个名字就是“生机”的意思
a name that means "alive" in Swahili.
据估计 约有1亿9000万升的水
It's estimated that over 50 million gallons
每天从地下涌出
pour from the ground every day
汇入生机勃勃 清莹剔透的池塘中
into crystal-clear pools buzzing with activity.
无花果树为黑长尾猴提供了食物
Fig trees provide food for the vervet monkeys.
白鱼则在水下等待掉落的果实
And barbel wait below for falling fruit.
一个丰饶的天堂
A bountiful paradise
所有人有着吃不尽的食物
with enough food for everyone.
但这个神奇的池塘
But this magical pool
属于14头河马
belongs to a pod of 14 hippopotamuses,
受到巨型头领雄河马凶悍的守卫
fiercely defended by the huge alpha male.
它可以屏住呼吸五分钟
He can hold his breath for up to five minutes
一生中超过半数的时间待在水下
and spend more than half his life submerged.
由于经常在泥泞的池塘中被发现
Normally found in muddy pools,
这些害羞生物的私密生活，很少为人们所见
it's incredibly rare to see the intimate lives of these shy creatures.
每天一大早 爸爸就带领家人，前往更深更清凉的水域
Early every morning, Dad leads his family to deeper, cooler water.
河马的重量能超过一辆家庭轿车
Hippos can weigh more than a family car,
但在水下 它们的姿态，出乎意料的优雅
but underwater, they are surprisingly graceful.
成年河马一般会睡过一天中最热的时候
The adults sleep during the hottest part of the day.
幼小的河马则选择嬉戏玩闹
The youngsters play right through it.
如果它们太过闹腾
And when they get too boisterous,
成年河马就会施加管教
the adults keep them in line.
如果没有河马，这里的生物多样性就不复存在
Without the hippos, the diversity of life here wouldn't exist...
因为它们带给水塘一种极其重要的养分
because they bring something vital to this water.
一种天然肥料
A natural fertilizer.
虽然会影响晶莹剔透的可见度
It might not do much for the crystal-clear visibility...
但河马的粪便是维持西玛泉生态系统欣欣向荣的关键所在
but this is the very stuff that keeps Mzima's ecosystem thriving.
它能为植物提供营养
It provides nutrients for the plants
为昆虫和鱼儿提供食物
and food for the insects and fish...
它们会紧紧追随河马，以得到最新鲜的吃食
...who follow the hippos for the freshest supply.
河马为西玛泉的鱼儿所提供的食物，不仅仅包括新鲜的粪便
Fresh dung isn't the only foodthat hippos offer the fish here at Mzima.
河马张开嘴 邀请鱼儿
By opening his mouth, this hippo invites the fish
进入它那巨大有力的下颌
inside his huge, powerful jaws.
它们以卡在河马牙缝中的残羹冷炙为食
They forage for scraps stuck between his teeth,
显示出极高的信任
demonstrating an extraordinary level of trust.
它们具有锉磨功能的嘴部，也能清洁河马的外皮
Their rasping mouthparts also clean the hippos' hide,
脚趾、裂开的脚，以及所有重要的身体部位
their toenails, their cracked feet, and all those important places.
一顿丰盛的大餐换来美甲和抛光服务
A full meal in exchange for a pedicure and polish.
西玛泉这块小小的绿洲，为幸运地生活在公园
The small green oasis at Mzima Springs
这一角的动物提供了水资源
provides water to the fortunate animals who live in this corner of the park.
但对于漫游在干旱的公园中心的动物来讲 则是另一番景象
But it's a different story for those who roam across its arid center.
大象惊人的记忆力
Elephants have incredible memories,
引导它们去往在之前的旱季，曾找到食物和水资源的地方
guiding them to areas where they've found food and water in previous dry seasons.
但在公园中部，它们面临着令人望而生畏的阻碍
But in the middle of the park, they face a daunting obstacle.
察沃国家公园被一分为二
Tsavo was established in two parts,
东部和西部
East and West,
中间由一条公路和铁路隔开
sliced down the middle by an existing road and railway.
这条繁忙的公路如今成为野生动物在两个园区行走时
The busy road is now a dangerous barrier for wildlife
面临的一道危险障碍
moving between the two parks.
2017年 一条铁路线，沿着之前的铁路线建成
In 2017, a new railway was completed alongside the old one,
将肯尼亚最大的港口蒙巴萨与首都内罗毕连接起来
linking Kenya's largest port, Mombasa, and her capital, Nairobi.
陡峭的路堤和围栏，阻碍了动物们穿越铁道
The steep embankments and fences prevent the animals from crossing the tracks,
限制了它们的行动
restricting their movements.
它们只能通过专门建造的桥下通道前往另一边
They can only reach the other side via specially-built underpasses.
有些大象胆子大到穿越这些障碍
Some of the elephants are brave enough to make it through the obstacles.
非洲各地的基础设施兴建潮
Across Africa, there's a boom in infrastructure
对野外空间造成了影响
that is affecting its wild places.
所以察沃国家公园的大小才如此重要
It's why the size of Tsavo is so important.
它大到可以提供替代性觅食区
It's big enough to offer alternative feeding grounds.
但每年这个时候，不只是体型较大的动物
But it's not only the larger animals that travel huge distances
需要长途跋涉
at this time of year.
七月份 察沃干旱最严重的月份
It's July, Tsavo's driest month.
在东边晒焦的平原上
On the parched plains to the east,
一直公沙鸡和它的伴侣一起养家糊口
a male sandgrouse and his mate are raising their family.
作为地面筑巢的禽类，这些刚刚孵出的小鸡
As ground-nesting birds, these newly hatched chicks
会在几小时之内站起来行走
will get up and walk within hours.
气温要上升到将近38摄氏度
With temperatures reaching up to 100 degrees Fahrenheit,
它们必须找到阴凉处，和一个安全的藏匿处
they must find shade and a safe hiding place.
它们的父亲面临着一个急迫的挑战
Their father faces an urgent challenge.
找到饮用水，不然它的小鸡宝宝就会渴死
Find drinking water, or his chicks will die.
它加入其它沙鸡
He joins a flock of other sandgrouse,
一起拼命地寻找水源
all in desperate search of the same thing.
它们会飞到32公里以外的地方
They will fly up to 20 miles away...
一直到壮阔的加拉纳河
to the mighty Galana River.
随着旱季日益严峻
It's a lifeline for the animals
它成为了动物们的生命线
as the dry season really bites.
每年这个时候 沙鸡大批飞来这里
The sandgrouse come here in huge numbers at this time of year.
河岸边缘存在威胁
At the water's edge, there are threats.
跟同伴紧密抱团意味着有几百双眼睛在时刻警惕着危险
Keeping close to his flock means that hundreds of eyes keep a lookout.
它的喉咙可以存储两汤匙的水
He can hold up to two tablespoons in his throat,
但这对它的三个宝宝来说还不够
but it isn't enough for his three chicks.
它小心地多蹚出去一点距离
He wades in a little further
施展一项绝技
for a remarkable trick.
它前后摇动身体
Rocking backwards and forwards,
用胸前的羽毛吸收水分
he absorbs water into his breast feathers.
沙鸡为适应环境专门进化出的螺旋形羽毛像海绵一样吸收水分
Their specially-adapted spiral shape soak up water like a sponge.
15分钟吸满水后 它展开翅膀
Fifteen minutes to fill up, and he's off...
满载水分飞回家中
flying home fully-laden with water.
沙鸡们逐一离开鸡群
One by one, the birds peel off from their flock.
它向伴侣发出呼唤
-He calls to his mate.
雌性沙鸡把它引向口渴孩子的藏身之处
She guides him to where she's hidden their thirsty chicks.
爸爸来送救命的水了
Dad to the rescue.
口干舌燥的沙鸡宝宝围住父亲
Desperate for a drink, the chicks crowd their father,
用尖喙从它的羽毛上啄水
stripping precious water from his feathers with their beaks.
未来两个月里 它每天都会
He will make this arduous journey every day
辛苦地飞一遭
for the next two months...
直到沙鸡宝宝长大 能自己飞去喝水
until the chicks are big enough to make the flight to water themselves.
近几年来 肯尼亚的气候
In recent years, Kenya's climate
愈发难以预测 变得更加极端
has become less predictable and more extreme.
现在是旱季顶峰
It's the height of the dry season,
而且看似遥遥无期
and there's no end in sight.
有些动物发现了妙招，寻找仅剩的一些的绿叶
Some have found a way to find the few remaining green leaves.
非洲瞪羚踮起脚尖 吃一小口叶子
The gerenuk tiptoes for a nibble.
它们可以一辈子不喝水
They may go their whole lives without drinking water.
它们有着“长颈羚”的昵称
Nicknamed the "giraffe gazelle,"
依靠灵活的身体和长长的脖子
they rely on acrobatics and their long necks
吃到其他食草动物够不到的多汁树叶
to reach succulent leaves that other grazers cannot.
即便对它们而言 选择的余地也很小
Even for them, it's slim pickings.
扬尘四起 察沃的红土也被卷向天空
Tsavo's red earth is sucked upwards in the swirling dust devils.
体型较大的动物 比如说水牛
Larger animals, like the buffalo,