全球绝美国家公园（2022）

[总统奥巴马]
[tranquil music plays] [President Obama]
几年前 我和米歇尔带两个女儿去了巴塔哥尼亚
A few years ago,Michelle and I visited Patagonia
with our daughters.
在山顶覆盖着积雪的群山和明镜般的湖水之间
Amongst the snow-capped mountains and crystal-clear lakes,
我们惊叹于一样日益稀有的事物
we marveled at an increasingly rare thing.
未经染指的荒原
Untouched wilderness.
人类的影响已经遍布全球
Human influence has spread far and wide across our planet.
国家公园可以保护我们仍然拥有的珍稀物种
National parks can protect what we still have.
但如果我们想真正作出改变，就必须把更多土地返还给大自然
But if we are to make a real change, we must return more of our land to nature.
在智利巴塔哥尼亚大♥片♥的土地，在我们干预之前
In Chilean Patagonia, vast areas are being re-wilded,
就已经退耕还林
returned to their natural balance
重新回归自然平衡
before we came along.
这里正在迅速成为地球上最受保护的地区之一
This region is rapidly becoming one of the most protected places on Earth.
智利巴塔哥尼亚地区有24个独特的国家公园
Chilean Patagonia is home to 24 unique national parks...
纵横着多种令人惊叹的景观
across an incredible variety of landscapes.
这里有着全世界最长的山脉
The longest mountain range in the world,
安第斯山脉如同一条脊柱横穿而过
the Andes, runs like a spine along its length.
在它的腹地深处有着葱葱郁郁的森林
At its heart, lush forests
以及广阔的巴塔哥尼亚甘草原
and the open Patagonian steppe.
海岸沿线
And along the coast,
承受着太平洋原始力量的冲击
the raw power of the Pacific Ocean.
巴塔哥尼亚在重塑我们心中
Patagonia is redefining our idea
关于国家公园的概念
of what national parks could be.
（智利巴塔哥尼亚）
智利坐落于南美洲的西海岸
On the western seaboard of South America lies Chile,
它是全球最狭长的国家
the longest country in the world,
自北向南 国土延伸有4000多公里
stretching over 2,500 miles from north to south.
巴塔哥尼亚地区，就位于南部的偏远地带
In the southern part is the remote area of Chilean Patagonia,
这一片巨大狭长的土地被专门划为国家公园
where huge swaths of land are given over to its 24 national parks.
其中 最著名的便是百内国家公园
The most famous of these is Torres del Paine.
它那三座标志性的高塔山雄瞰地面
Its three iconic towers dominate the landscape.
智利最大的陆地掠食者，以公园为家 在这里生殖繁衍
The park is home to a thriving population of Chile's largest land predator,
即美洲狮
the puma.
这个美洲狮妈妈，有四个嗷嗷待哺的宝宝
This mom has four little mouths to feed.
它需要捕猎
She needs to hunt.
为了保证最大的成功率
For the best chance of success,
它必须丢下幼崽 独自行动
she must leave the cubs behind.
宝宝能否生存，取决于它是否隐蔽和狡黠
Their survival depends on her stealth and cunning.
原驼 既是人工养殖大羊驼的远古祖先
Guanaco, an ancient ancestor of the domestic llama,
也是它的主要猎物
and her main prey.
融入环境是它进行伏击的最佳方式
Blending into the landscape is her best chance of an ambush.
美洲狮五次狩猎中，四次会以失败告终
Four out of five puma hunts end in failure.
在寻找其他机会，哺育幼崽的强大驱动下
Compelled to find another opportunity to feed her cubs...
它会一直带着家人迁徙
she will keep the family moving.
它们不是唯一寻找食物的美洲狮
They're not the only pumas looking for food.
附近一头更年轻的雌性美洲狮独行侠
Close by, a younger, lone female
也在捕猎
is also on the hunt.
它占据高处的有利地势
From her high vantage point...
发现了一群原驼
she spots a herd.
由于背靠湖泊 它们逃跑受限
With their backs to a lake, their escape options are limited.
为了扑倒体重是自己两到三倍的动物
To bring down an animal that is up to three times heavier than her,
它需要天时地利人和
she'll need everything to go her way.
身上挂伤带彩 它又错过了一次机会
Battered and bruised, it's another missed opportunity.
妈妈和幼崽在池塘边
The mom and her cubs have found the remains
发现了一具原驼遗骸
of a guanaco carcass at the edge of a pond.
饥饿的一家人只能有什么吃什么
The hungry family grabs what they can.
原驼被杀死并被部分掩埋
The fact that it's been killed and partly buried
只能说明一点
can only mean one thing.
食物是别人的
This food belongs to someone else.
这头雌性美洲狮独行侠
The lone female.
幼崽见到陌生人 看起来很紧张
The cubs seem nervous of the stranger.
但它们的妈妈沉着冷静
But their mother is calm.
这是它去年生下的女儿
This is her daughter from last year's litter.
独行美洲狮要回了它的食物
The lone female reclaims her carcass.
它或许是幼崽的姐姐，但这不代表它愿意分享食物
She may be the cubs' older sister, but that doesn't mean she's keen to share.
它湿了身的弟弟得慢慢等着
Her soggy little brother will have to wait his turn.
其他美洲狮到来
Others arrive...
受邀一起分享盛宴
and are accepted at the feast.
最近之前 美洲狮一直被认为是独行动物
Until recently, puma were believed to be solitary creatures.
人们认为 大型猫科动物中，只有狮子和猎豹具有社交属性
Lions and cheetahs were thought to be the only social big cats.
如此强大的社会纽带被发现
The discovery of such strong social bonds
重塑了科学家们对美洲狮的看法
is redefining how scientists think about pumas.
这一避难所的建立，保护了这些猫科动物
The creation of this refuge has protected these cats from ranchers
不受担心牲畜被咬的牧场主的伤害
who might fear for their livestock.
而且也也增大了空间，提高了狩猎成功率
And it has also led to an increase in space and prey,
所以对手之间的冲突日益减少
so there's less need for conflict between rivals.
这个公园现在拥有全球
This park is now home
密度最高的美洲狮
to one of the highest densities of puma in the world.
在智利南部 这种神奇动物的数量
And numbers of these majestic animals are slowly recovering
在慢慢恢复
across southern Chile.
沿着安第斯山脉480公里的北部
Three hundred miles north, along the Andean range,
坐落着巴塔哥尼亚国家公园
lies Patagonia National Park.
它是本地区最新成立的国家公园之一，看起来或许是一片荒野
One of the region's newest parks, it may look like a wilderness,
但最近之前 它一直被用来放羊
but until recently, it was used to graze sheep.
美洲狮及其猎物原驼，在这里遭到迫♥害♥
Puma and their prey, the guanaco, were persecuted here.
如今 牲畜被转走 荒野受到保护
Now the livestock have been removed, the wildlife protected,
土地开始回归自然平衡
and the land is starting to return to its natural balance.
由于美洲狮数量仍然稀少
With puma numbers still low,
原驼在公园里迅速繁衍
guanaco are quickly repopulating the park.
这头雄性原驼希望能承担起繁衍的职责
And this male is hoping to play his part.
它为了寻找优质草场来到这里
He has traveled here in search of a good grazing territory,
草场一定要足够肥沃，才能吸引来雌性原驼
impressive enough to attract females.
一群全是雌性的羊驼
An all-female herd...
在顶级草场惬意吃草
in an area of prime grazing.
但这群雌性羊驼，已经归一头巨大的雄性羊驼统领
But it has already been claimed by a huge dominant male.
这群雌性羊驼
And this herd isn't big enough...
容不得它们二人分享
...for the both of them.
统领的雄性羊驼发起进攻 展示霸权
The dominant male charges to show who's boss.
它还不够大 不会出阴招
And he's not too big to dish out a low blow.
这头单身汉被驱赶远离原驼群的地方
The bachelor is driven far from the herd...
直到它最后听懂了暗示
...until finally, he takes the hint.
胜利者回到它的后宫群
The victor returns to his females...
却发现
only to find
又来了一头入侵者
another intruder in their midst.
统领的雄性原驼忙着驱赶新对手时
With the dominant male busy seeing off his new rival,
单身汉趁虚而入 杀了个回马枪
the bachelor sneaks back in...
它抓住机会
...and seizes the opportunity...
终于邂逅了自己的配偶
...finally meeting his mate.
随着这些国家公园的建立
With the creation of these national parks,
农业围栏被拆除
agricultural fences were taken down,
使得原驼更够更加自♥由♥地行动
allowing guanaco to travel more freely,
进而融合和增强基因池
mixing and strengthening gene pools.
经过将近一年的孕期后
After almost a year of pregnancy,
原驼妈妈要分娩了
a mother is in labor.
原驼宝宝需要尽快站起来
The baby guanaco needs to be up on her feet as fast as possible.
在仅仅两周内
In a matter of just two weeks,
好几千只原驼宝宝，会在这里迈出第一步
thousands of baby guanaco will take their first steps here.
雌性原驼都在同一时期分娩
The females all give birth within the same period
以最大限度地利用种群带来的庇护
to make the most of the safety of a crowd.
在这里 你永远不知道谁在盯着
Out here, you never know who's watching.
由于原驼数量的增加
As these guanaco herds expand,
美洲狮数量反弹，大自然得以恢复的几率
so too will the opportunities for the puma population to bounce back
也一并增加
and for nature to recover.
放眼全球 很多国家公园
Around the world, many national parks exist
都处于受保护荒原的隔离地带
as isolated pockets of protected wilderness.
要想真正蓬勃发展
To really flourish,
动物不仅仅需要保护措施
animals need not only safeguarding,
还需要受到保护的通道
but safe passage.
只有寻找食物
The ability to move freely
领地或配偶的能力
in search of food, a territory, or a mate.
2017年来 智利一直致力于
Since 2017, Chile has been working