进化的地球（2023）

[Campbell-Staton] Roger is a community elder here.
他告诉我们这些古老的红色树胶树--
He told us these ancient red gum trees--
经受住了无数次干旱--
that had weathered countless droughts--
被烧焦致死
were scorched to death.
[罗杰]我以前从未经历过
[Roger] I never experienced that before.
[Campbell Staton]当内陆地区变得非常干燥时，
[Campbell-Staton] When things get really dry in the Outback,
一些土著人求助于一只非常特殊的鸟
some Aboriginal people turn to a very special bird for help.
[鸟鸣]
[Birds chirping]
一只小小的斑胸雀
A tiny zebra finch.
这是传奇
It's legendary.
最终的沙漠幸存者，
The ultimate desert survivor,
被一些人称为“大姐大”
known to some as "big sister."
他们引导人们
[Roger] They guide people
在艰难时期寻找水源
through the hard times to find water.
姐姐也很特别
[Campbell-Staton] Big sister is also very special
给Mylene Mariette
to Mylene Mariette.
她是一位环境科学家
She's an environmental scientist who has spent
在这些鸟之后的最后15年
the last 15 years following these birds.
调查他们在干旱时期的神秘力量
Investigating their mythical powers in times of drought.
我听到了这个故事，然后
[Mylene] I heard the story, and then I got to
亲身体验
experience it myself.
雀鸟是向导
[Campbell-Staton] The finches are a guide
可以把人们引到水里
that can lead people to water.
一点一点地跟着那只鸟，
[Mylene] Just follow the bird little by little,
你知道，穿过小溪
you know, through the creek.
那些鸟对我来说真的很神奇
Those birds were really quite amazing to me.
所以，我真的发现了一个新世界
So, I was just really discovering a new world.
[鸟鸣]
[Birds chirping]
斑马雀可以旅行
[Campbell-Staton] Zebra finches can travel
距离水坑很远
vast distances to water holes.
在极端情况下，它们甚至可以分解自己的身体脂肪
In extremes, they can even break down their own body fat
以避免脱水
to avoid dehydrating.
他们互相帮助寻找水源
They help each other find water
聚集在密泉中，像这样喧闹
and gather in noisy flocks at secret springs, like this.
跟在大姐后面的是其他动物
And following big sister comes all the other animals.
[鸟鸣]
[Birds chirping]
包括大姐的“小姐姐”！
Including big sister's "little sister"!
你可以看到姐姐的
You can see the big sister's
那里的小妹妹emu
little sister there--the emu.
这只雄性emu带来了他的幼崽
[Campbell-Staton] This male emu has brought his youngsters
下来喝一杯
down for a drink.
那么，脖子一英尺长的你是怎么喝酒的？
So, how do you drink with a foot-long neck?
好吧，看看他们的独家技术
Well, check out their scoop technique.
他们在干旱时期找水的能力
Their ability to find water during times of drought
给了这只小鸟巨大的地位
has given this tiny bird huge status
这里既有人，也有野生动物
with both the people and the wildlife here.
对Mylene来说，还有其他的东西
And for Mylene, there is something else.
她发现了这些鸟的真♥相♥
She is finding out that the truth about these birds
比传说更令人印象深刻
is even more impressive than the legend.
她想知道为什么是姐姐
She wanted to know why big sister
不仅找到了水，而且还活了下来
was not only finding water, but also surviving
这场毁灭性的干旱比其他干旱要好
the devastating drought better than others.
斑马雀实际上是为数不多的几种
[Mylene] The zebra finch are actually one of the few species
还是设法活了下来
that still somehow managed to survive
当其他一切都在消亡的时候
when everything else was dying.
雀鸟似乎有一种特殊的力量
[Campbell-Staton] The finches seemed to have a special power
以应对无情的高温
to cope with the unforgiving heat.
为了了解发生了什么，
To find out what was going on,
Mylene用巢箱建立了一个研究基地...
Mylene set up a study site with nest boxes...
从那时起，我开始研究他们的交流
[Mylene] That's when I started looking at their communication.
窃听私生活
[Campbell-Staton] eavesdropping on the private lives
这些小鸟
of these tiny birds.
他们，你知道，互相交谈
[Mylene] They, you know, talk to each other.
他们有不同种类的电♥话♥
They have different sorts of calls.
[微弱的啁啾声]
[Faint chirping]
这些电♥话♥听起来可能不多
[Campbell-Staton] Those calls might not sound like much
对你和我来说，但Mylene拥有一切...
to you and me, but Mylene has what it takes...
哦，实际上我的耳朵很好
Oh, I have very good ears, actually.
哈哈哈！
Ha ha ha!
[Campbell Staton]她已经听了这么长时间了，
[Campbell-Staton] and she's been listening in for so long,
她几乎能流利地说芬奇语
she's practically fluent in finch.
我喜欢的是，
[Mylene] What I like about it is,
他们把他们所有的秘密都告诉了我们
they tell us all of their secrets.
[Campbell Staton]然后在一个炎热的日子，
[Campbell-Staton] Then one hot day,
随着水银柱上升到三位数...
with the mercury pushing triple digits...
我只是听着鸟儿的叫声看着它们，
[Mylene] I was just listening to the birds and watching them,
它们在孵化过程中轮流孵化
and they were taking turns during incubation.
雄雀飞走了，
[Campbell-Staton] the male finch flew off,
把雌性留在自己的窝里，
leaving the female on her nest,
Mylene注意到一个微弱的叫声...
and Mylene noticed a very faint call...
[微弱、快速的鸣叫]
[Faint, rapid chirping]
一个她从未听说过的电♥话♥
a call she had never heard before.
一些非常不寻常的电♥话♥
[Mylene] Some very unusual calls.
Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch
Ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch.
[微弱、快速的鸣叫声仍在继续]
[Faint, rapid chirping continues]
听起来真的像蟋蟀，实际上，
Really sounds like crickets, actually,
所以它非常高音，非常快
so it's really high-pitched, really fast.
[微弱、快速的鸣叫声仍在继续]
[Faint, rapid chirping continues]
那天天气很热，就在那时我意识到，
It was quite hot on that day, and that's when I realized,
“哦，也许这和热有关 ”
"Oh, maybe it's related to heat."
就在那时，Mylene
[Campbell-Staton] And that was when Mylene made the kind of
导致科学突破的精神飞跃
mental leap that leads to a scientific breakthrough.
她以为母亲在说话
She had the notion that the mother was talking
给她未孵化的小鸡
to her unhatched chicks.
我决定把那些电♥话♥打给鸡蛋
[Mylene] I decided to play those calls to the egg
看看他们是否在听
and see if they listen.
她用两个保温箱做了一个实验
[Campbell-Staton] She set up an experiment with two incubators.
[Mylene]在一个培养箱中，
[Mylene] In one incubator,
胚胎听到了高温的呼唤...
the embryos were hearing the heat calls...
[微弱、快速的鸣叫]
[Faint, rapid chirping]
父母在热的时候做的
that the parents make when it's hot.
[啁啾]
[Chirping]
另一组比赛
[Campbell-Staton] The other group were played
一组正常的联♥系♥电♥话♥
a set of normal contact calls.
[啁啾声继续]
[Chirping continues]
这两组鸡蛋之间唯一的区别
[Mylene] The only difference between the two groups of eggs
是他们听到的声音
was the sound that they heard.
然后她坐下来等待
[Campbell-Staton] And then she sits back and waits.
[外壳破裂]
[Shells cracking]
随着幼崽的成长，
As her young hatchlings grow,
她测量了它们，并记录了一些不可思议的事情
she measures them and records something incredible.
在蛋里播放热歌♥的小鸡
The chicks that were played the heat song in the egg
正在以不同的方式发展
are developing differently.
[Mylene]只要暴露在环境中24小时，
[Mylene] Just being exposed to the environment for 24 hours,
他们已经开始出现分歧
they already started to diverge.
到它们12天大的时候，
And then by the time they are 12 days old,
我们可以看到他们的成长有很大的不同
we can see a big difference in their growth.
这个人听到了热歌♥，
This one has heard the heat song,
所以他比另一个小一点，
so he's a bit smaller than the other one,
没有听到热歌♥，所以他只是变大了
which didn't hear the heat song, and so he's just grown bigger.
事实证明
[Campbell-Staton] It turns out that those
听到热的呼唤
that hear the heat call
体型较小，更有可能存活下来
are smaller and are more likely to survive.
[Mylene]当天气热的时候，它们实际上产生的能量更少
[Mylene] When it's hot, they actually produce less energy.
如果你产生的热量较少，
If you produce less heat,
那么你可以用更少的食物长得更好
then you can grow better with less food.
他们更善于长时间应对高温
They are better at coping with the heat for longer
以及更高的温度
and to higher temperatures.
Mylene告诉我刚出生的孩子都变了
[Campbell-Staton] Mylene tells me the hatchlings have changed
在细胞水平上...
at the cellular level...
实时改变他们的身体