史蒂芬·霍金之大设计（2012）

大家好
Hello.
我是史蒂芬·霍金
My name is Stephen Hawking
一个物理学家 宇宙学家
physicist,cosmologist,
有时还是个梦想家
and something of a dreamer.
虽然我行动不便
Although I cannot move
也必须通过电脑发声
and I have to speak through a computer,
但我的思绪却在自♥由♥驰骋
in my mind,I am free...
得以探索关于宇宙的大哉问
Free to explore the deepest questions of the Universe.
其中最深奥的一则
Among them, the deepest of all...
是否有上帝创造并控制宇宙
ls there a God who created and controls the Universe
从恒星 行星
from the stars and the planets
到你跟我
to you and me?
要找出答案 必须历经一趟
Finding out takes us on a journey
自然法则之旅
through the laws of nature,
我认为亘古谜题的答案即藏于其间
for there,I think,lies the answer to the age-old mystery
即宇宙如何形成又是如何运作
of how the Universe was made and how it really works.
欢迎观看
Check it out.
史蒂芬霍金 大设计
第三集 上帝造宇宙吗
我最近出版一本书
I recently published a book
问到是否真有上帝造宇宙
that asked if God created the Universe.
掀起了不小的风波
It caused something of a stir.
人们不太高兴 一名科学家
People got upset that a scientist
胆敢对宗教议题发言
should have anything to say on matters of religion.
新书引发争议
霍金惹恼教会
霍金被指控为异端
霍金表示天堂只是神话
我无疑告诉任何人该相信什么
I have no desire to tell anyone what to believe,
但我认为上帝是否存在
but for me, asking if God exists
是合宜的科学提问
is a valid question for science.
毕竟 我们该去思索
After all,it is hard to think
更重要且根本的谜题才对
of a more important or fundamental mystery
而非什么或谁创造并控制宇宙
than what or who created and controls the Universe.
很久以前这问题的答案都大同小异
Long ago,the answer was almost always the same.
是神创造了一切
Gods made everything.
这世界处处叫人害怕
The world was a scary place.
所以即使强悍如维京人
So even people as tough as the Vikings
也相信超自然存
believed in supernatural beings
在以解释自然现象
to make sense of natural phenomena,
比如雷电
like lightning
或暴风雨
or storms.
维京人有许多不同的神信奉
The Vikings has many different gods
索尔是雷神
Thor was the god of lighting
另一位神 艾迪尔 引发狂风暴雨
Another god,Aegir, caused stormy seas.
但他们最害怕的神叫做斯库尔
But the god they feared the most was named Skoll.
他会引发一种可怕的自然现象
He was responsible for the terrifying natural event
就是我们现在所称的日食
that we now call a solar eclipse.
斯库尔是住在天空中的狼神
Skoll was a wolf god who lived in the sky.
有时他会吃掉太阳
Sometimes,he would eat the Sun,
将白天转为黑夜 令人们惊讶不已
causing the dreadful moment when day turned to night.
缺乏科学的解释
Without a scientific explanation,
想象一下会让人们有多么惊惶
imagine how disturbing it would have been
看到太阳消失
to see the Sun vanish.
维京人
The Vikings responded
以他们唯一相信的方式回应
in the only way that made sense to them.
他们试图把狼吓走
They tried to scare away the wolf.
维京人认为是他们的行为
The Vikings believed that their actions
可以找回了太阳
caused the Sun to return.
当然如今我们知道 这和他们毫无关系
Of course,we now know they had nothing to do with it.
太阳迟早会重现
The Sun would have reappeared anyway.
事实证明宇宙
It turns out that the Universe
并非表象那般超自然或神秘
is not as supernatural or mysterious as it seems.
但得比维京人更勇敢
But it takes more courage than even the Vikings had
才能发现真♥相♥
to discover the truth.
像你我这样的凡人
Mere mortals like you and I
也能了解宇宙如何运行
can understand how the Universe works.
这点早在维京人之前
This was realized long before the Vikings
古希腊就已有人发现
in ancient Greece.
约在公元前300年
In about 300 B.C.,
有位哲学家阿里斯塔克 也对食的现象感到惊奇
a philosopher called Aristarchus was fascinated by eclipses,too,
尤其是月食
especially eclipses of the Moon.
但他勇于质疑
He was brave enough to question
月食是否真实神所造成
whether they really were caused by gods.
阿里斯塔克是真正的科学先锋
Aristarchus was a true scientific pioneer.
他仔细研究天象后
He studied the heavens carefully and reached a bold conclusion.
他发现食只是地球的影子
He realized the eclipse was actually the shadow of the Earth
遮住月球
passing over the Moon
而非神迹
and not a divine event.
这项发现让他跳脱窠臼
Liberated by this discovery,
得以推论出
he was able to work out
天空中的真♥相♥
what was really going on above his head
绘出真正的相对位置图
and draw diagrams that showed the true relationship
包括太阳
of the Sun...
地球
The Earth...
以及月球
And the Moon.
他并依此得出更惊人的结论
From there,he reached even more remarkable conclusions.
他推论地球并非宇宙中心
He deduced that the Earth was not the center of the Universe,
不是和众人所想的一样
as everyone had thought,
相反是绕着太阳运转
but instead orbits the Sun.
事实上了解了这相对关系
In fact,understanding this arrangement
就能解释所有的食现象
explains all eclipses.
月球的影子遮住地球时
When the Moon casts its shadow on the Earth,
就出现了日食
that's a solar eclipse.
而当地球遮住月球
And when the Earth shades the Moon,
就形成了月食
that's a lunar eclipse.
但阿里斯塔克还进一步推论
But Aristarchus took it even further.
他推测星星并不是的天顶的裂缝
He suggested the stars were not chinks in the floor of heaven,
非其他人所认为
as his contemporaries believed,
而是其它太阳 就和我们的一样
but that stars were other suns like ours,
只不过距离非常遥远
only a very long way away.
这项认定一定很让人震惊
What a stunning realization it must have been.
宇宙有如机器
The Universe is a machine
依循原理或法则而行
governed by principles, or laws,
而且是人类心智能了解的法则
laws that can be understood by the human mind.
我认为发现这些法则
I believe the discovery of these laws
是人类最伟大的成就
has been humankind's greatest achievement,
因为就是这些我们现在所称的自然法则
for it's these laws of nature, as we now call them,
能告诉我们是否需要上帝
that will tell us whether we need a God
才能解释宇宙
to explain the Universe at all.
数百年来 人们相信像我这样的残疾人士
For centuries,it was believed that disabled people like me
是活在上帝所降的诅咒中的
were living under a curse inflicted by God.
我想我是有可能
While I suppose it's possible
惹恼了上面某人
that I've upset someone up there,
但我更倾向认为
I prefer to think
一切都可以用另一种方式解释
that everything can be explained another way
也就是自然法则
by the laws of nature.
到底什么是自然法则
So,what exactly is a law of nature,
它的威力又为何如此强大
and why is it so powerful?
我用网球赛来说明
I'll show you with a game of tennis.
网球受到两套法则所规范
Tennis is governed by two sets of laws.
一套是人所制定的
One set is man-made
比赛规则
the rules of the game.
所规范的事包括球场尺寸
They govern things such as the size of the court,
网子的高度
the height of the net,
以及如何判定球是落在界内
and what determines if a shot is in...
还是界外
or if a shot is out.
根据网球主管机构的意愿
These rules could conceivably be changed
这些规则就能加以改变
if the governing body of tennis so desired.
但比赛的另一套法则
But the other set of laws that apply to the game
永远固定不变
are fixed,immutable.
这些法则决定了
They govern what happens to the ball...
球被打到时会有何变化
When it is hit.