史蒂芬·霍金之大设计（2012）

Matter is all around us,
存在于我们脚下的土地里
in the ground beneath our feet...
也存在于太空中
and out in space...
尘埃 岩石 冰
dust,rock,ice,
液体 庞大的气体云
liquids,vast clouds of gas,
壮观的螺旋星系
massive spirals of stars
每个都有数十亿颗太阳
each containing billions of suns,
延伸至难以估算的距离
stretching away for incredible distances.
你需要的第2样材料是能量
The second thing you need is energy.
能量
就算未曾想过
Even if we've never thought about it,
我们也都知道什么是能量
we all know what energy is.
我们每天都会体验到
Something we encounter every day.
抬头看太阳
Look up at the Sun,
你的脸庞就能感觉到
and you can feel it on your face...
1.5亿千米外的恒星所产生的能量
energy produced by a star 93 million miles away.
能量充斥在宇宙中
Energy permeates the Universe...
驱使着使宇宙
driving the processes that keep it a dynamic,
不断变动的过程
endlessly changing place.
现在我们有了物质和能量
So,we have matter, and we have energy.
打造宇宙需要的第3样东西
The third thing we need to build a Universe
空间
is space...
空间
很大的空间
Lots of space.
你可用很多方式形容宇宙
You can call the Universe many things
壮观
Awesome...
美丽
Beautiful...
狂暴
Violent.
但你绝对不能说它拥挤
But one thing you can't call it is cramped.
不管我们往哪里看 我们都看到空间
Wherever we look, we see space...
更多的空间外 还是更多的空间
And more space and even more space,
往四面八方不断延伸
stretching in all directions.
足以令你头晕目眩
It's enough to make your head spin.
这些物质 能量和空间从何而来呢？
So,where could all this matter, energy,and space come from?
直到20世纪 我们才开始有概念
We had no idea until well into the 20th century.
答案来自一个人的洞见
The answer came from the insights of one man...
可能是有史以来最伟大的科学家
Probably the most remarkable scientist
已永远不在世上了
who has ever lived.
他就是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
His name was Albert Einstein.
可惜我无缘得识
Sadly,I never got to meet him,
因为他过世时 我才13岁
since I was only 13 when he died.
爱因斯坦发现了一件了不起的事
Einstein realized something quite remarkable
打造宇宙需要的主原料有2种
that two of the main ingredients needed to make a universe,
质量和能量
mass and energy,
基本上是同一样东西
are basically the same thing,
或许可说是一体之两面吧
two sides of the same coin, if you like.
他著名的质能互换方程式
His famous equation,e=mc
意谓质量
simply means that mass
可视为一种能量
can be thought of as a kind of energy
反之亦然
and vice versa.
所以从原本的3种材料
So,instead of three ingredients,
现在我们可以说宇宙中只有2种
we can now say the Universe has just two
能量和空间
energy and space.
这些能量和空间从何而来呢
So,where did all this energy and space come from?
科学家找到了答案
The answer was found
在努力数十年后
after decades of work by scientists.
空间和能量在一次事件安中自然产生
Space and energy were spontaneously created
那就是
in an event we now call
"大爆♥炸♥"
the Big Bang.
在大爆♥炸♥的一瞬间
At the moment of the Big Bang,
整个充满能量的宇宙就此产生
an entire universe full of energy came into existence,
空间也随之产生
and with it,space.
所有的都膨胀
It all inflated,
就像吹大的气球般膨胀
just like a balloon being blown up.
这些能量和空间从何而来呢
So,where did all this energy and space come from?
一个充满能量的宇宙
How does an entire universe full of energy,
浩荡无垠的空间及其中万物
the awesome vastness of space and everything in it,
怎么可能凭空出现？
simply appear out of nothing?
对某些人来说 这时又要提到上帝了
For some,this is where God comes back into the picture.
是上帝创造了能量和时间
It was God that created the energy and the space.
大爆♥炸♥就是创造的那一瞬间
The Big Bang was the moment of creation.
但科学另有一套解释
But science tells a different story.
冒着触犯众怒的风险
At the risk of getting myself into trouble...
我想我们不只能了解
I think we can understand
吓坏维京人的自然现象
far more the natural phenomena that terrified the Vikings.
我们甚至能超越
We can even go beyond the beautiful symmetry
爱因斯坦所发现的美丽质能对称
of matter and energy discovered by Einstein.
我们可以利用自然法则
We can use the laws of nature
理解宇宙的起源
to grasp the very origins of the Universe
发掘上帝的存在
and discover the existence of a God
是不是唯一的合理解释
as the only way to explain it.
我是二战结束后在英国长大
As I was growing up in England after the Second World War,
正值节衣缩食的年代
it was a time of austerity.
大人总教我们不可能平白得到东西
We were taught that you never get something for nothing.
但在经过一辈子的研究后
But now, after a lifetime of work,
我想人们可说是平白得到了一个宇宙
I think that,in fact,you can get a whole universe for free.
大爆♥炸♥理论最神秘之处
The great mystery at the heart of the Big Bang
即解释一个充满空间和能量且浩瀚无垠的宇宙
is to explain how an entire fantastically enormous Universe
如何能凭空出现
of space and energy can materialize out of nothing.
秘密就在
The secret lies
宇宙中最奇特的事实里
in one of the strangest facts about our cosmos.
物理法则要求存在
The laws of physics demand the existence
所谓负能量
of something called negative energy.
为了便于各位理解这个古怪但关键的概念
To get your head around this weird but crucial concept,
我就来打个简单的比喻
let me draw a simple analogy.
想象有个人想造出一座小山丘
Imagine a man wants to build a hill
在平地上
on a flat piece of land.
这山丘就代表宇宙
The hill will represent the Universe.
为了造出山丘 他开始在地上挖洞
To make this hill, he digs a hole in the ground
用挖的土来堆出山丘
and uses that soil to build his hill.
但当然他不只是在堆山丘
But,of course, he's not just making a hill.
他同时也挖出了洞
He's also making a hole
也就是山丘的负版本
in effect,a negative version of the hill.
洞里的东西现在成了山丘
The stuff that was in the hole has now become the hill.
两相平衡抵消
So it all perfectly balances out.
这就是宇宙诞生
This is the principle behind what happened
背后的原理
right at the beginning of the Universe.
大爆♥炸♥产生巨大正能量
When the Big Bang produced a vast amount of positive energy,
同时也会产生
it simultaneously produced
等量的负能量
the same amount of negative energy.
如此正负相加为零
In this way, the positive and the negative add up to zero
永远
always.
这是另一条自然法则
It's another law of nature.
而这些负能量如今何在呢？
So,where is all this negative energy today?
在我们宇宙食谱的第3种材料里
It's in the third ingredient in our cosmic cookbook.
在空间中
It's in space.
听起来也许有些奇怪
This may sound odd,
但根据引力及运动自然法则
but according to the laws of nature concerning gravity and motion,
也就是最古老的科学法则
laws that are among the oldest in science,
空间本身就是巨大的负能量储藏处
space itself is a vast store of negative energy
足以确保一切的总和为零
enough to ensure that everything adds up to zero.
我得承认除非你热爱数学
I'll admit that unless mathematics is your thing,
否则这的确难以理解
this is hard to grasp,
但它千真万确
but it's true.
亿万个星系形成无边无际的网
The endless web of billions upon billions of galaxies,
各星球以自身引力彼此相吸
each pulling on one another by the force of gravity,
成了巨大的储存器
acts like a giant storage device.
宇宙就像是个超大电池
The Universe is like an enormous battery
储存着负能量
storing negative energy.
事物的正面
The positive side of things
即我们所见到的质量和能量
the mass and the energy we see today
就像座山丘