史蒂芬·霍金之大设计（2012）

is like the hill.
对应的洞或事物的负面
The corresponding hole, or negative side of things,
则散布在整个空间中
is spread throughout space.
这有何意义
So,what does that mean
对我们探索是否有神存在？
on our quest to find out if there is a God?
这代表若宇宙总和为空无
It means that if the Universe adds up to nothing,
那就不需要神来创造
then you don't need a God to create it.
宇宙就是最大的一顿免费午餐
The Universe is the ultimate free lunch.
既然我们知道
Since we know
宇宙的正负总和为零
that the positive and negative in the Universe adds up to zero,
现在我们只要找出是什么
all we have to do now is work out what
或我该斗胆说是"谁"
or,dare I say,who
一开始启动了这整个过程
triggered the whole process in the first place.
是什么让宇宙无中生有
What could cause the spontaneous appearance of a universe?
起初这问题似乎令人困惑
At first, it seems a baffling problem.
毕竟在日常生活中
After all,in our daily lives,
东西不会凭空出现
things don't simply materialize out of the blue.
你不能弾弹手指
You can't just click your fingers
就在想喝时变出一杯咖啡吧
and summon up a cup of coffee when you feel like one,can you?
你得用其它东西冲泡出来
You have to make it out of other stuff,
像是咖啡豆
like coffee beans,
和水
water,
也许还会加牛奶和糖
perhaps some milk and sugar.
但我们往咖啡深处走
But travel down into this coffee cup...
穿过牛奶粒子
Through the milk particles...
到原子层次
Down to the atomic level...
再到亚原子层次
And right down to the subatomic level...
就进入了一个
And you enter a world
能无中生有的世界
where conjuring something out of nothing
是有可能的
is possible...
至少能短暂出现
At least for a short while.
那是因为这个层次的
That's because at this scale,
粒子和质子
particles such as protons
其行为依据的自然法则
behave according to the laws of nature
是所谓的量子力学
we call quantum mechanics.
它们可以随机出现
And they really can appear at random,
短暂停留
stick around for a while,
然后又消失无踪
and then vanish again...
在别处再度出现
To reappear somewhere else.
既然我们知道宇宙曾经很小
Since we know the Universe itself was once very small
比质子还要小
smaller than a proton, in fact
这意味着一件了不起的事
this means something quite remarkable.
这代表宇宙本身
It means the Universe itself,
与其难以想象的庞大与复杂
in all of its mind-boggling vastness and complexity,
确实可能凭空出现
can simply have popped into existence
而不违反任何已知的自然法则
without violating the known laws of nature.
从那一刻起
From that moment on,
巨大能量释出
vast amounts of energy were released
空间本身也不断扩张
as space itself expanded.
以便能储存所有负能量
A place to store all the negative energy
来维持平衡
needed to balance the books.
但 当然 关键问题
But,of course, the critical question
又再度出现
is raised again.
是否上帝创造了量子法则
Did God create the quantum laws
好让大爆♥炸♥得以发生？
that allowed the Big Bang to occur?
简言之
In a nutshell...
我们是否需要上帝设定好一切
Do we need a God to set it all up
好让大爆♥炸♥能
so that a Big Bang could...
爆♥炸♥？
Bang?
我无意冒犯任何教♥徒♥
I have no desire to offend anyone of faith,
但我认为科学
but I think science
相较于造物神
has a more compelling explanation
有更能令人信服的解释
than a divine creator.
一种解释是可能的
This explanation is make possible
因为事件的起因与过程的原理有些奇怪
because of something strange about the priciple of cause and fact
我们的日常经验使我们深信
Our everyday experience makes us convinced
所有事物的发生 都是由于
that everything that happens must be caused
稍早的另一事件所引起
by something that occurred earlier in time.
所以我们很自然会假设 一定有什么
So it's natural for us to assume that something
也许是上帝
perhaps God
让宇宙得以形成
must have caused the Universe to come into existence.
但当我们从宇宙整体来看
But when we're talking about the Universe as a whole,
却未必如此
that isn't necessarily so.
容我解释
Let me explain.
想象一条河
Imagine a river
从山侧往下流
flowing down a mountainside.
是什么造成了河？
What caused the river?
也许是雨
Well,perhaps the rain
稍早落在山区的雨
rain that fell earlier in the mountains.
但又是什么造成了雨？
But,then, what caused the rain?
太阳也许是个好答案
A good answer would be the Sun
太阳照射在海洋上
the Sun that shone on the ocean
使水蒸气升入空中
and lifted water vapor up into the sky
形成云
and made clouds.
好
Okay.
那又是什么让太阳发亮？
So,what caused the Sun to shine?
若我们看进内部
Well,if we look inside,
就会看到所谓的融合过程
we see the process known as fusion,
氢原子结合成氦的
in which hydrogen atoms join to form helium,
过程中释放出巨大能量
releasing vast quantities of energy in the process.
目前为止还不错
So far,so good.
那氢又是从何而来呢？
Where does the hydrogen come from?
答案就是
Answer
大爆♥炸♥
the Big Bang.
但这里有个关键
But here's the crucial bit.
自然法则
The laws of nature themselves
告诉我们 宇宙不但像
tell us that not only can the Universe
质子一样可以凭空出现
have popped into existence like a proton
不需要任何形式的能量
and have required nothing in terms of energy...
而且有可能
But also that it is possible
没有东西引发大爆♥炸♥
that nothing caused the Big Bang.
没有东西
Nothing!
要解释这一点 又得回到爱因斯坦的理论
The explanation lies back with the theories of Einstein
以及他提出的创见 宇宙中的时空
and his insights into how space and time in the Universe
基本上为相互交织
are fundamentally intertwined.
有一些事情极为奇妙地发生了
Something very wonderful happened to time
在大爆♥炸♥那一瞬间
at the instant of the Big Bang.
时间本身开始了
Time itself began.
为了了解这个让人一头雾水的观点
To understand this mind-boggling idea,
想象一下有个黑洞
consider one of these
漂浮在宇宙中
a black hole floating in space.
典型黑洞的形成是有恒星太过巨大
A typical black hole is a star so massive
以致于往内塌陷
that it has collapsed in on itself.
巨大到就连光线也逃不过其引力
It's so massive that not even light can escape its gravity,
所以它才会是近乎漆黑
which is why it's almost perfectly black.
它的重力场如此强大
Its gravitational field is so powerful,
不仅能使光线扭曲变形
it doesn't only warp and distort light
甚至时间也逃不过
but also time.
你不妨想象
To see how,
成有个时钟被吸进去
imagine a clock is being sucked into it.
随着时钟越来越接近黑洞
As the clock gets closer and closer to the black hole,
它开始走得越来越慢
it begins to get slower and slower.
时间慢了下来
Time itself begins to slow down.
现在想象时钟进入黑洞
Now imagine the clock as it enters the black hole.
当然这是要假定
Well,assuming,of course,
它能承受极为庞大的重力
it could withstand the extreme gravitational forces,
时钟会就此停止
the clock would actually stop.
它不是因为故障而停止
It stops not because it's broken
而是因为在黑洞内
but because inside the black hole itself,
时间根本不存在
time doesn't exist.
宇宙诞生时正是这种情形