我们星球上的生命（2023）

自从生命首次在地球上出现
Since life first emerged on planet Earth,
就从未停止演化
it has never stopped evolving...
不断变化的世界
driven by an ever-changing world...
以及激烈的竞争驱使着它
and by intense competition.
但有一个令人瞩目的时代
But there was one remarkable era
进化进入爆发状态
when evolution went into overdrive...
为我们带来许多今天仍然存在的动物
giving us many of the animals we still have today...
以及曾经统治这些动物的…
and the iconic giants
标志性巨兽
that once ruled over them.
本集讲述恐龙时代的故事
This is the story of the age of dinosaurs.
《我们星球上的生命》
双语合并：村儿南
第 5 章：巨兽阴影下
侏罗纪时代初期
It's the dawn of the Jurassic period.
（2亿年前）
见证了爬行动物时代到来的超级大♥陆♥ “盘♥古♥大♥陆♥”
Pangaea, the supercontinent that witnessed the age of reptiles,
正在慢慢分♥裂♥
is slowly tearing itself apart.
漂移的板块构造
Shifting tectonic plates...
将岩浆推向地表
force rivers of magma to the surface...
开始全面改造地球
beginning the total transformation of the planet.
在数百万年的过程中
Over millions of years,
一条熔岩裂缝将这片巨大的陆地 分成两半
a molten fissure slices the giant landmass in two.
水填满了新生大♥陆♥之间的裂口
Water fills the rift between the newly formed continents.
随着大♥陆♥继续互相远离
As they grow further and further apart,
崭新的环境被创造出来
brand-new environments are created...
导致许多物种灭绝
causing the extinction of many...
但也加速了幸存者的进化
but turbocharging evolution for the survivors...
对于一群动物 尤为如此
and one group of animals in particular.
（1.52亿年前）
在侏罗纪时期北美的茂密森林深处
Deep in the towering forests of Jurassic North America...
地球上有史以来最大的动物正在崛起
...the biggest animals to ever walk the Earth are on the rise.
恐龙
Dinosaurs.
盘♥古♥大♥陆♥瓦解
In the breakup of Pangaea,
它们进入了一个丰饶的世界
they've found themselves in a world of plenty.
有一些恐龙 比如梁龙 长到25米长
Some, like Diplodocus, have grown to become 25 meters long.
即便体型如此庞大
But even at their size,
也绝不能放松戒备
they can never let down their guard...
因为它们不是侏罗纪时代唯一的巨兽
...for they aren't the only giants of the Jurassic.
异特龙
Allosaurus.
将近九米长
Nearly nine meters long...
是恐龙统治时代早期 最大的陆上捕食者之一
it's one of the largest predators on land in these early days of the dinosaurs' reign.
它在寻找时机
It probes for opportunity.
但它的目标不是成年梁龙
But it's not the adults it's after.
这只异特龙在寻找更容易对付的猎物
This Allosaurus is looking for much easier prey.
一只小梁龙
A baby Diplodocus.
它从一个比柚子还小的蛋里孵出
Hatched from an egg no bigger than a grapefruit,
个子太小 无法在龙群中生活 否则可能被踩到
she's too small to live among the herd where she might be trampled.
所以它必须自己保护自己
Instead, she must fend for herself.
异特龙会迅速解决这只幼龙
The Allosaurus will make quick work of the baby...
但前提是能找到它
if it can find her.
幼龙最佳的应对方式
The youngster's best hope...
是尽可能保持静止
is to stay as still as possible.
异特龙有敏锐的感官
The Allosaurus has keen senses...
但是暴风雨掩盖了幼龙的线索
...but the storm is masking any clues to the baby's location.
好险
A very close call...
幼小的梁龙都面临这种危险
and not just for one young Diplodocus.
为了增加生存几率
To boost their chances of survival,
这些幼龙必须 尽可能能快地吃下尽可能多的食物
these youngsters must eat as much as they can as fast as possible...
以便能够成长为体型庞大的成年恐龙
...so they can grow into giant-sized adults.
但就在这些巨大的恐龙 吞食周围的植物时
But just as these huge dinosaurs were devouring the plants around them,
植物本身也在改变
the plants themselves were changing...
这样的改变将为地球上的生物 带来革命性的变化
...in ways that would revolutionize life on Earth.
过去植物仅依靠风或水来传播花粉
Once upon a time, plants relied solely on wind or water to spread their pollen...
但在恐龙时代
but in the age of dinosaurs,
植物繁殖出现创新
an innovation in plant reproduction arose...
这种创新今天仍然存在
that is still very much with us today.
花
The flower.
直径40厘米
At 40 centimeters across,
这朵花属于 南美洲亚马逊雨林中的巨型睡莲
this one belongs to a giant water lily in South America's Amazon rainforest...
它唯一的目的是吸引动物进行授粉
and its sole purpose is to attract an animal to pollinate it.
随着夜幕降临 花散发出强烈的菠萝般香味
As evening approaches, the flower produces a powerful pineapple-like scent...
令这只甲虫无法抗拒
irresistible to this beetle.
与它古代的祖先一样
Much like his ancient ancestors,
这只被迷惑的甲虫 不由自主地被诱惑到花中
the bewitched beetle can't help but be enticed inside.
它从外层花瓣挤入
He squeezes through the outer petals,
来到花的中心
into the heart of the flower,
这里是天堂
where paradise awaits.
花的内部比夜间周围的空气温暖10度
Inside, it's a balmy ten degrees warmer than the surrounding night air.
在这里 它愉快地享用鲜美多汁的花肉
Here, it happily feasts on the flower's succulent flesh.
但是甲虫也会回报一样东西
But the beetle also offers something in return.
另一株巨型睡莲上的花粉
Pollen picked up from another giant water lily.
当它进食时 花粉会粘在花的生殖器上
As it feeds, the pollen rubs off onto the flower's reproductive parts.
黎明到来时
When dawn arrives,
花会闭合
the flower closes...
将甲虫包裹在柔软的花瓣中
enveloping the beetle in its velvety petals...
并将自己有粘性的花粉盖在甲虫身上
and covering it in its own sticky pollen.
黄昏时分 花再次张开
At dusk, the flower opens once more.
帮助植物繁殖的目的达成之后
Having served its purpose in helping the plant to reproduce,
花改变颜色并失去诱人的香味
it changes color and loses its alluring scent...
使覆盖着花粉的甲虫能够飞走
allowing the beetle, now covered in this flower's pollen, to fly off
并在无意中向另一株巨型睡莲授粉
and unwittingly pollinate another giant water lily.
但花与甲虫传粉者之间的关系
But the relationship between flowers and their beetle pollinators
只是一个开始
was just the beginning.
恐龙时代的其它昆虫 也很快加入这一行动
Other insects in the dinosaur era soon got in on the action...
传播花粉
taking pollen from flower to flower...
作为回报 它们得到了甜美的花蜜
in return for their sweet liquid nectar.
到了1.3亿年前
By 130 million years ago...
花变得更加鲜艳
flowers were becoming more vivid,
生机勃勃
vibrant,
多种多样
and varied,
因为它们争相吸引最杰出的传粉者
as they competed to attract the very best pollinators.
随着它们的传播
As they spread...
大地从一片无尽的绿色
...the land turned from an endless green...
变成五彩斑斓
to a kaleidoscope of different colors.
如今 开花植物的数量
Today, there are ten times more flowering plants
比其它所有植物物种的总和多十倍
than all other plant species combined.
然而 随着世界的绽放
However, as the world blossomed,
其它生物开始利用 花与昆虫之间的关系
other creatures began to exploit the relationship between flower and insect...
结果就是
...spawning a surge
捕食者与猎物种类激增
in the variety of predator and prey.
当时蜘蛛已经存在超过一亿年
Spiders had been around for over 100 million years...
但现在才开始 将蛛丝织成复杂的蜘蛛网
but now started spinning their silk into complex webs...
利用新的生命浪潮
taking advantage of this new wave of life.
在恐龙统治的中期
By the middle of the dinosaurs' reign...
生物多样性出现爆♥炸♥式增长
there was such an explosion in biodiversity...
这得益于开花植物的出现
fueled by the arrival of flowering plants...
以至于陆地上的物种数量超过海洋
that, for the very first time in Earth's history,
这在地球历史上是第一次
there were more species on land than in the oceans.
（1.1亿年前）
但发生巨变的
But it wasn't just the smaller creatures that were changing
不仅有较小的生物
in new and radical ways.
这是恐爪龙
This is Deinonychus.
虽然外表可爱
Despite its endearing appearance,
但它是恐龙
it's a dinosaur.
幼龙
A baby dinosaur.
恐爪龙 顾名思义爪子很恐怖
"Deinonychus" translates as "terrible claw."
但这不是它唯一的优势
But that's not his only strength.
它还有敏锐的视觉
He's also got keen vision
和出色的听觉
and excellent hearing.
但它最引人注目的适应性是它的羽毛
But his most eye-catching adaptation is his feathers.
简单的类似羽毛的结构 最早出现在三叠纪
Simple feather-like structures first appeared back in the Triassic.
不是用于飞行 而是为了保暖
Not for flight but for warmth.
能够保持温暖
Being able to stay warm