动物本色（2021）

获益的不仅仅是织布鸟
The weavers aren't the only ones who benefit.
它们的巢穴吸引来了一对非洲侏隼
Their nest has attracted a pair of pygmy falcons.
在地球上最小的飞禽里
Among the smallest raptors on Earth,
这些不太可能的占屋者
these unlikely squatters
将织布鸟的辛勤劳动占为己有
take advantage of the weavers' hard work.
有时候
Sometimes,
它们甚至会吃掉织布鸟
they even eat them.
但要是说到来自地狱的邻居
But when it comes to neighbors from hell,
织布鸟可就有更大的麻烦了
weaver birds have even bigger problems.
这座生命之巢
This hive of life
会吸引来各类掠食者
attracts all sorts of predators.
织布鸟虽然看起来毫无抵抗之力
The weavers appear defenseless,
但它们有一支警卫队...
but they have a security force...
...随时准备赶走入侵者
...ready to fend off any attack.
虽然个头只有人类拳头大小
Only the size of your fist,
但侏隼威力无穷
but the falcons pack a punch.
好在
And thankfully,
这些凶猛的小战士表现出了克制
these fierce little fighters show some restraint.
它们每个时节只捕捉几只织布鸟
They only take a few weavers each season.
大多数时候 还有很多其多猎物
Most of the time, there's plenty of other prey around.
对织布鸟来说 明枪易躲暗箭难防
For the weavers, it's a case of "better the devil you know."
对小小的侏隼来说
And for the little falcons,
这是在荒漠中
it's a one-stop solution
找到食物和住处的一站式解决方案
to finding food and shelter in the barren desert.
（法属圭亚那 亚马逊森林）
在南美这个偏僻的角落里...
In this remote corner of South America...
生命是如此丰沛
life is so abundant,
每种生物都需要自己的小生境
every creature needs its niche.
栖息在食物链顶端的是大约6.8公斤重的角雕
Perching at the top of the food chain, the 15-pound harpy eagle.
但这里的另一种猛禽
But another bird of prey here
行事作风稍有不同
does things a little differently.
红喉长脚鹰
The red-throated caracara.
如果长脚鹰嗅到危险
When caracaras sense a threat,
它们会广而告之
they let everybody know.
这就足以毁掉顶级掠食者
It's enough to put the top predator
的好事
off its game.
长脚鹰被认为是世界上 最善交际也最聪明的猛禽
Caracaras are considered the world's most social and most intelligent raptors.
有了这两项技能联合加持 它们能够应对
A winning combination that means they can tackle prey
连角雕都不愿意碰的猎物
even a harpy wouldn't touch.
大黄蜂
Wasps.
最好不要去招惹的物种
Usually best left alone.
但依靠集体
But working together,
长脚鹰想出了一个计划
the caracaras figure out a plan.
先是直接进攻
First, the direct approach.
一旦蜂巢受到搅扰...
But once the nest is stirred...
...那些小毒蜂便开始飞向各处
...those little stingers get everywhere.
然后是砸窗抢劫
Next, a smash-and-grab.
这需要胆量才能做到
It takes guts to pull it off.
但只要有一点点勇气
But a little courage
就可大功告成
gets the job done.
如果一只长脚鹰能忍♥受疼痛
If one caracara can take the pain,
大黄蜂最终会放弃蜂巢
eventually the wasps abandon the nest.
这些像纸一样的建筑 虽然像纸板一样毫无营养价值...
These paper-like constructions are as nutritious as cardboard...
但深藏在蜂巢里的
but hidden away in the combs
是丰满多汁的幼虫
are plump, juicy grubs.
一只勇敢的长脚蜂 给整个团队带来了福利
One caracara's bravery benefits the whole team.
等它吃饱之后 其他同伴开始分赃
Once she's taken her fill, the rest share the spoils.
饭吃得刚巧是时候
Served up just in time.
雨林的生存环境很艰难
Life in the rain forest is tough.
但多亏了顽强的品格和团队合作
But caracaras keep ahead of the game
长脚鹰向来占据上风
thanks to tenacity and teamwork.
大多数猛禽不怎么看重合作
Most birds of prey aren't so cooperative.
即便还处于幼鸟时期 竞争就已经很激烈了
Even in the nest, competition is fierce.
新生的白头海雕幼鸟 每天体重会增加20%
New bald eagle chicks can grow 20% bigger each day.
但最小的那只幼鸟在勉强活下去
But the youngest is struggling to keep up.
每次喂食
Every feeding time,
它都排在最后
he's at the back of the line.
两个月后
In a little over two months,
这些幼鸟需要长成现在的十倍大
these chicks need to be ten times larger
做好飞翔准备
and ready to fly.
但如果没有足够的食物
But if there's not enough food,
小海雕哥哥或姐姐就会跟弟弟妹妹反♥目♥成仇
older eaglets will turn on their smaller siblings.
很少有三只幼鸟能同时活下来
It's rare for three chicks to survive.
海雕父母在很努力
The parents are working hard
让所有的孩子都活下去
to keep all of their young alive.
（南非 德拉肯斯山脉）
对所有猛禽来说 找到足够的食物是永恒的挑战
Finding enough food is a constant struggle for all birds of prey.
尽管其中一些看起来不费吹灰之力
Though some make it seem effortless.
秃鹫利用热力
Vultures use thermals,
一缕缕上升的暖气流
columns of rising warm air,
飞向高处
to gain altitude.
高度一旦达到 一些秃鹫不用扇动翅膀
Once high enough, some soar over 100 miles
就能一口气翱翔160公里
without a single beat of their wings.
飞行途中
Along the way,
它们使用非凡的望远视力寻找食物
they use their telescopic vision to scan for food.
秃鹫是食腐者
Vultures are scavengers.
虽然食用死尸让它们臭名在外
Feasting on the dead has given them a bad name,
但它们是唯一
but they're the only birds of prey
绝不杀生的猛禽
that never kill.
而且 作为大自然的清道夫团队 它们做出了重大贡献
And they do essential work as nature's cleanup crew.
虽然表面上看起来乱作一团
It may look chaotic,
但其中暗含着长幼尊卑
but there's a pecking order.
仅仅在南非 就生活着九种不同的秃鹫
Nine different species of vulture live in Southern Africa alone,
每一种都有各自的角色
and each has its own role.
先是中重量级的选手
First, the middleweights.
白背秃鹫
White-backed vultures.
它们成群结队 吞噬动物尸体的躯干
In large numbers, they devour the bulk of the carcass,
内脏和肉体
the internal organs, and flesh.
然后是重量级选手
Next, the heavyweights.
肉垂秃鹫有着不下6.8公斤的体重
At over 15 pounds,
是南非最大的一种猛禽之一
lappet-faced vultures are one of the biggest in Africa.
一旦它们上场
When they move in,
其他秃鹫纷纷让路
everyone steps aside.
它们锋利的喙能撕开韧带和毛皮
Their powerful beaks rip through ligaments and hide,
为最后登场的选手
opening up new parts of the carcass
打开新局面
for the last in line.
也就是轻量级选手
The lightweights.
头巾秃鹫守在一边
Hooded vultures stick to the sidelines,
尽量捡点残羹冷炙
stealing scraps where they can,
耐心地等待上场
patiently waiting their turn.
等其他秃鹫吃完
Once everyone else is done,
它们小小的喙把骨头啃个干干净净
their small beaks pick the bones bare.
为了维持地球的干净整洁 秃鹫任劳任怨 不辞劳苦
Vultures do the dirty work in keeping our planet clean.
它们胃液的酸度 可与汽车电池相提并论
Stomachs as acidic as car batteries
能消灭入口的任何细菌和病毒
destroy any bacteria and viruses they eat.
它们还让传播疾病的昆虫
And they deny disease-spreading insects
失去了繁殖空间
a place to breed.
人类需要秃鹫
We need vultures,
但它们的数量在骤降
but their numbers are plummeting.
短短15年内
In just 15 years,
印度97%的秃鹫惨遭杀害
97% of India's vultures were killed,
原因是食用了被下有一种叫作
poisoned by feeding on the carcasses of cattle
二氯苯胺苯乙酸剧毒的牛尸
treated with a drug called Diclofenac.
随着野狗取代它们食腐者的地位
When feral dogs took their place as scavengers,
狂犬病、肺结核和炭疽
it led to a rise in rabies,
传播激增
TB, and anthrax.
其他猛禽也遭遇了同样的命运
Other raptors have suffered a similar fate.
20世纪50年代
In the 1950s,
二氯二苯三氯被广泛用作杀虫剂
DDT was a freely used insecticide.
但它对白头海雕的蛋极具杀伤力
But it had a devastating effect on bald eagles' eggs
几乎使得这一标志性物种绝迹
and nearly wiped out this iconic species.