恐龙行星（2011）

2005年发现的化石上
fossil fund in 2005
将这两种动物直接联♥系♥在一场战斗中
directly links this to right animal in battle
毫无争议的显示了受伤
revealing the unmistakeable signs
的证据
of injury.
一只剑龙的背刺上
A Stegosaurus back plate
被发现有
was discovered
一块U型的咬痕
with a u-shaped bite taken out of it.
与异特龙的
A bite mark that fitted
咬痕非常吻合
the Allosaurus' jaws perfectly.
更令人惊奇的
Even more amazing
在于异特龙的脊椎
was an Allosaurus vertebra.
上存在大面♥积♥的创痕
It had a massive impact wound.
正是剑龙的
The wound appeared to have been made
钉尾所为
by a Stegosaur's thagomizer.
这一击的力量如此之大
The blow being so powerful
在异特龙的脊柱上
it punched a hole in the bone
留下了一个大孔
of the Allosaurs' spine.
更无法置信的是
What's more incredible
伤口与愈合的痕迹
is that the injured bone shows signs of healing.
这只异特龙没有死
This Allosaurus survived.
捕食者与猎物之间的力量博弈十分完善
The balance of power between predator and prey is a fine one.
猎物不停的想出
Prey continually evolve
不同的策略
different strategies
来躲避捕食者
to avoid predators.
同时具有剑龙一样的体格
both with their body like Stegosaurus
以及弯龙一样的
and their behaviour
机警
like Camptosaurus.
在侏罗纪的海洋中
and in Jurassic ocean
我们有充分的证据说明
we have evidence to suggest
蛇颈龙通过在潜水区寻找
that plesiosaurs protected their young...
育儿场所来保护幼龙
..by finding sanctuary in shallow water nurseries.
但是这样的场所
But such lagoons
不可能密不透风
won't always deter a hunter.
涨潮给捕食者一丝希望
And a rising tide gives this predator a glimmer of hope.
但是在浅水区
but in this shallow water
杀手X无法完全发挥它的能量
the huge Predator X can't use its power.
白垩龙更小更灵活
the smaller agiler Kimmerosaurus
可以机动取胜
can easily outmanoeuvre
这笨拙的杀手
the lumbering killer.
但是白垩龙不能永久待在这片
the Kimmerosaurus can't permanently protect itself
潜水避难所
in this sanctuary.
它们也需要到深水区猎食
They need to venture into deeper water to feed.
在这里 杀手X就能完全发挥它的力量
And that is where Predator X has the advantage.
成功的捕食者必须有耐心
Successful predators need to play a waiting game.
异特龙是这片大♥陆♥上最常见的杀手
Allosaurus is the most common killer in these lands.
长达九米
nine meters long
有着锋利的牙齿
with a battery of saw blade-like teeth
强壮的前爪
powerful clawed forearms -
异特龙是令人生畏的捕食者
Allosaurus is a formidable hunter.
它和数十种
It shares the plains
素食恐龙
with dozens of species
共享这片平原
of plant-eating dinosaurs.
远离剑龙的保护
away from the protection of Stegosaurus...
异特龙应该很容易取得收获
..should be easy pickings for a hunting Allosaurus.
异特龙的牙齿薄且锋利
Allosaurus teeth was sureted funtunback
非常适合撕裂肌肉
perfectly evolved for tearing through flesh.
最近的研究显示
recent research has indicated
异特龙的咬力其实非常弱
that Allosaurus' bite was surprisingly weak.
甚至还不如体型只有它七分之一的
Calculations suggested its bite was less powerful than a lion's -
狮子
despite being seven times more massive.
但是这样一只侏罗纪怪物
just how did this Jurassic monster
是怎么捕杀的呢?
hunt and kill?
答案就是 突发制人
The answer is with an element of surprise.
弯龙依赖敏锐的洞察力
Camptosaurus relies
来躲避敌人
on its keen senses to avoid predators.
而异特龙
Allosaurus on the other hand
却是以速度和冲击力取胜
is a fast and powerful ambush hunter.
它的速度快于弯龙
Faster than Camptosaurus.
但一吨♥半的体重决定了它不能维持长距离跑动
A one-and-a-half-tonne killer can't run fast for long.
这是一场耐力和速度的博弈
It's a question of speed versus stamina.
除了咬力的明显不足
despite the apprent weakless of it's bite
异特龙的确有高♥潮♥的猎杀技巧
Allosaurus did in fact have a deadly killing method.
它的头骨可以承受
Its skull could withstand a force
十五倍于自身咬力的撕咬
more than 15 times as great as its bite.
这表明它把自己的脑袋当做斧头来用
This meant that Allosaurus used its head like an axe.
它是强大的颈部肌肉把锋利的牙齿
Its strong neck muscles driving its top jaw into its prey.
撞进猎物的肌肉里
with every inpad the serrated teeth
足以使其撕裂
would tear through its prey's flesh.
猎物将遭受恐惧和失血的双重打击
the victim through a combination of shock and blood loss.
这种方式并不完美
it isn't pretty,it isn't clinical...
但是非常有效
but it's ruthlessly efficient.
但是成功的杀戮
however making a kill
并不保证一顿美餐
never actually guarantees a meal.
因为在这儿
because here
异特龙不是唯一的杀手
Allosaurus isn't the only killer in these parts.
食蜥王龙
Saurophaganax.
长达十二米
have 12 meters
它是此处最大的食肉动物
it is the biggest carnivore in the region.
偷别人的食物总是比自己捕食省力
And one of the advantages of being so big
这也是它体型庞大的重要原因
is that stealing another's kill is that much easier.
像异特龙和食蜥王龙这样的大型捕食者
Giant predators like Saurophaganax and Allosaurus
依靠力量和体型统治该地
used their power and size to dominate their domain
以及这片土地上的生物
and all those within it.
侏罗纪的海洋也是如此
And the story was no different in the Jurassic oceans.
这些是蛇颈龙的骨头
These are the bones of Plesiosaur.
它们似乎裂成了碎片
They appear to have been broken into fragments.
很显然
And many of these show indications
它们不是死于自然原因
that they didn't die of natural causes.
更像是被外力击碎的
It looks more like they were violently dismembered.
一枚特殊的化石更是让我们产生了一个
One particular fossil gives us a chilling idea
骇人的猜测
of how these plesiosaurs might have been killed.
这枚化石含有一片头骨
It consists of a skull
以及粘连的几块脊椎
with a few vertebrae still attached
除此之外别无他物
but nothing else.
这些化石碎片都是在深海区域被发现的
All these dismembered fossils found in deep waters
它们就在这儿觅食
where plesiosaurs need to feed
但是这里也有更大的危险
but where they're in the greatest danger.
这只动物正处在最危险的位置
This animal is in the worst possible place -
独自在海洋表面觅食
hunting alone at surface
这时从身下的攻击便十分致命
where it's most vulnerable to attack from below.
在深水区
in deep water
X杀手可以发挥其最大能力
Predator X can use its full power.
虽然身受重伤处于昏迷
although injured and stunned
蛇颈龙还是有着不俗的撕咬能力
this plesiosaur is armed with a vicious bite.
X杀手不能高兴的太早
Predator X still needs to be wary.
身受重伤
servily wounded
唯一的避难所
now the only sanctuary
在浅水的育儿区
is the shallow water of the nursery.
X杀手的撕咬力
Predator X's bite is formidable
足足是暴龙的四倍
estimated to be four times that of T-rex.
如此强大的撕咬
biting hard
贯穿它的身体
it perforates the body,
将骨肉切成碎片
cutting through muscle and bone before shaking it to pieces.
我们几乎可以确定化石上的咬痕
It's almost certain that the bite marks on the fossil plesiosaur
是这么产生的
were made in this way.
同时化石也表明了
And the position of the marks also indicated
攻击来自下方
the attack came from below.
这场捕食者与猎物之间
The never-ending battle
永不停息的战争
between predators and their prey
最终还是平衡的
is a finely balanced one.