恐龙行星（2011）

在霸王龙的残骸中
In many Tyrannosaurs, we find holes and gouges on the skulls,
来自同类的床上比比皆是
injuries which turn out to be bite marks made by other Tyrannosaurs.
其中的一枚化石更是表明它
In one Daspletosaurus fossil, the tooth marks indicate
同时遭受了几方的攻击
that an individual had been subject to several attacks.
另一枚化石上
In another, the tip of a tooth
牙齿残留在骨骼里
was left embedded in the bone of its skull.
从这些证据 我们大可得出结论
From this evidence, we can assume that such groups
霸王龙的群居生活远非和睦相处
were far from harmonious...
更谈不上民♥主♥...
..and they certainly aren't democratic.
这就是弱肉强食的世界
In this world, the strongest takes all.
可以预见 要不是地理分隔
Tyrannosaurs' domination of the globe might have been total,
霸王龙的统治将会蔓延整个地球
had it not been for a strange quirk in the arrangement of the continents.
7500万年前 地球的南北划分十分清晰
75 million years ago, the planet had a clear north-south divide,
大洲之间无路可通
with no physical link between the parts of the globe.
因此霸王龙无法向南方发展
It meant the Tyrannosaurs couldn't spread to the southern continents.
南方 另一种恐龙扮演者领导者
Here, a different type of killer reigned supreme.
阿贝李♥克♥龙
These were Abelisaurids.
在过去的十年中 马达加斯加
In the last ten years, Madagascar has provided
几乎提供了这些生物的完整资料
the most comprehensive evidence about these predators.
7000万年前马达加斯加就已经是个岛屿了
70 million years ago, Madagascar was already an island.
但是却比现在更加燥热
But its climate was much hotter and drier than today.
白垩纪时期马达加斯加正遭受着干旱的侵袭
In the Cretaceous period, Madagascar was subject to devastating droughts.
玛君龙这样的大型捕食者
And big predators like Majungasaurus
在饥饿面前异常脆弱
are especially vulnerable to starvation.
要想生存 只能觅食
Scavenging is the only way to survive.
我们曾以为玛君龙是食物链的顶端
We thought Majungasaurus was the top predator here.
但是2003年 几只玛君龙的残骸
But then, in 2003, some bones of a number of Majungasaurs
上被发现有牙印
were reported gouged with teeth marks.
看来有某种更大 更致命的杀手存在
It appeared there was a bigger, more brutal killer at large.
玛君龙也和别的恐龙
Majungasaurus also shares the plains
共享这片平原 比如胁空鸟龙
with smaller dinosaurs like Rahonavis.
较小的体格意味着更少的食物即可存活
Being smaller means Rahonavis needs less food to survive.
一具残骸会吸引方圆几里的捕食者
A carcass will attract every big predator for miles around.
一只雄性玛君龙
A male Majungasaurus,
被盛宴吸引而来
attracted to the feast.
然而却非易事
It is more than capable of challenging for the carcass.
玛君龙的手太短 难以抓握
Majungasaurus has short arms and can't grasp.
像霸王龙 只靠咬
Like Tyrannosaurs, it's all about the bite.
玛君龙的头骨牙齿显示
The shape of Majungasaurus' skull and teeth
它和撕咬型的恐龙差别很大
suggests a very different biting style to the flesh-tearing dinosaurs.
它的牙齿宽大且短 头骨被肌肉包裹
With a broad, short and muscular skull...
它更适合与咬和扣
it was a dino better adapted to biting and gripping,
而不是将猎物撕成碎片
rather than slashing its prey.
这场战斗的意义不只存在于
This fight is about more
获得这片尸体
than just winning the feeding rights to a carcass.
当人们更仔细的研究玛君龙尸体
When the bite marks on the mauled Majungasaurus remains
上的咬痕时
were studied more closely...
人们发现这咬痕属于
...the marks on the bones were found to match
这片大路上唯一的大型食肉动物
the only large carnivore in the region.
这里没有比玛君龙更大的杀手
There is no bigger killer in these lands than Majungasaurus.
人们第一次发现了恐龙间的同类相残
This is the first, irrefutable evidence of dinosaur cannibalism.
虽然令人震惊 但是却告诉人们
It might seem shocking, but it's a behaviour that clearly shows
最成功的捕食者
the most successful killers
是最善于利用环境来获取最大利益的
will exploit any situation to their maximum advantage.
惧龙
Daspletosaurus.
拥有者其他恐龙无法媲美的咬力
With a bite force unmatched by any other dinosaur in the region,
这些杀手是属于完全不同的类型
these are killers in a completely different league.
他们善于利用一年一次的机会
And this group have congregated to take advantage of an annual event.
在省级恐龙公园
In Dinosaur Provincial Park,
数千枚骨头
thousands of bones have been discovered,
散落在同一片岩石层上
scattered across the same rock layer.
它们是属于尖角龙的
They belong to the horned dinosaur Centrosaurus...
这里看上去是一片屠场
...and they appear to be the bone beds of vast killing fields,
大规模的杀戮
sites of wholesale slaughter.
这群尖叫龙正在迁徙的路上
This vast herd of Centrosaurus are on the move...
从筑巢地往东部海岸
...from their nesting sites on coastal lowlands to the east.
然而 它们却共同奔向死亡
Unwittingly, they're moving towards almost certain death.
季度性的迁移将尖角龙迁往内陆
Seasonal monsoons drives the Centrosaurs inland,
远离东部海岸
away from coastal flooding.
这恰恰是惧龙所等待的
It's what the Daspletosaurus have been waiting for.
群落保护的大多数
Herding behaviour protects the many...
却也不得不放弃少数
but at the expense of the few.
但是尖角龙却连这样的机会都无法得到
And things are about to get worse for the Centrosaurs.
前有激流 后有追兵
With a flooded river ahead and the Daspletosaurus behind,
它们的下场可想而知
the stage is now set for a massacre.
尽管如此 惧龙并非这场杀戮
But despite the rich pickings, it's not the Daspletosaurs
的唯一的参与者
that are responsible for the scale of the slaughter.
这里还有更加致命的杀手
There's an even more deadly killer at work here.
雨季将小河转为激流
Severe monsoon rains have transformed shallow rivers into lethal torrents.
真正的杀手是天气
The real killer is the weather itself.
最新研究显示 96%的骨头
Recent studies of this dense bone bed indicate that 96% of the bones
是属于尖角龙的
are of a single species - Centrosaurus -
只有少部分的尸体上有咬痕
and relatively few of the bones display any bite marks.
证据显示 大部份的死亡来自于溺死
The fossil evidence suggests that this was a mass drowning...
洪涝的结果
...the result of widespread seasonal flooding...
这样的惨剧发生在20初不同的地点
an event that we have seen repeated in over 20 different sites.
当河水退去 新的机会来临
And when the waters recede, new opportunities emerge.
这样的机会给捕食者带来了大量的食物
Events like these provide easy pickings for predators.
但是即使在争夺腐肉的斗争中
But even in the fight for rotting flesh,
惧龙也是绝对的赢家
Daspletosaurus's authority is absolute.
北部的霸王龙 南部的阿贝李♥克♥龙
Tyrannosaurs in the north and Abelisaurids in the south
是他们世代超群的杀手
were the supreme killers of their age.
它们占领了每个大洲
They dominated every continent where they were found.
它们共同成为了最后的杀手恐龙
And together, they were the last of the killer dinosaurs.