地球壮观河流之旅（2019）

它们也是世界上体型最大的淡水豚
..the largest river dolphins in the world.
如此的面♥积♥的洪泛森林为动物们的生存创造出了新的
A flooded forest of this scale creates new opportunities
机会和挑战
and challenges.
长♥期♥浸泡于水中的枝叶让河水看上去变成了深棕色
Leaves from the forests stain the floodwater dark brown.
河中的那些枝干使这里成为了障碍训练场
Sunken branches create an obstacle course.
不过亚马逊河豚拥有一种专门的感官
But botos have specialist equipment.
就像海豚一样
Like their ocean cousins,
亚马逊河豚隆起的前额能让他们
their domed forehead, known as the melon,
利用声纳的方法来感受这个水下的世界
allows botos to scan this submerged world using sonar.
如果这个方法还不够 亚马逊河豚还拥有另一件独特的武器 触毛
As if that's not enough, botos have another unique weapon.
但只有成年的它们才会拥有
They are the only adult dolphins with whiskers.
不管猎物怎样躲闪与腾挪 这些触毛都能
These help pinpoint exactly where their prey is,
帮助它们确认猎物的准确位置
no matter how it twists and turns.
亚马逊的洪泛森林
The Amazon's flooded forests
已经存在了至少八百万年
have existed for at least eight million years,
它为这里的生物营造出了一个独一无二的世界
creating a world so special and unique,
而且还是地球上许多珍稀鸟类的家园
it's home to some of the most bizarre birds on Earth.
这是麝雉
Hoatzins...
与其它鸟类相比较 它们拥有与众不同的生活方式
..whose unusual lifestyle sets them apart from other birds.
它们几乎只吃树叶
They feed almost exclusively on leaves,
这种独特的饮食习惯让它们有一种口气问题
a diet which has an unfortunate and gassy effect...
它们因此而得到一个外号♥
..leading to their nickname -
臭鸟
stink birds.
在洪水期
During the flood season,
某些特定的河畔植物开始长出浓密的新叶
certain riverside plants burst into new growth,
这也意味着麝雉进入繁殖期了
the cue for hoatzins to breed.
不过新生的嫩叶也吸引来了蜘蛛猴
But the new leaves attract spider monkeys, too.
有些猴类是潜在的威胁
Some monkeys can be a threat
因为它们会吞食能找到的任何蛋
and will often devour any eggs they find.
麝雉只有将窝搭在伸向河中最远处无法够到的
The hoatzins' only safety is in the most inaccessible branches
枝杈上才是安全的
furthest out over the river.
这样的位置虽然避开了贪婪的猴子们
Safe from the reach of greedy monkeys,
但却要面对河水带来的危险
but now in danger from the floodwater.
尽管此时已经接近亚马逊雨季的后期
Even near the end of the Amazon's wet season,
但突如其来的大暴雨还是会在一天之内就让水位上升大约十厘米
sudden intense storms can bring ten centimetres of rain in a day...
从而淹没搭的太低的鸟巢
..drowning any nests built too low,
而其它鸟巢也会被河中的掠食者窥伺着
and putting others in reach of river predators,
比如黑凯门鳄
like black caiman.
而让情况变得更加糟糕的是
To make matters even more perilous,
麝雉的雏鸟生性好奇而且还有点儿笨手笨脚
hoatzin chicks are curious and more than a little clumsy.
不过幸运的是
Fortunately, they are not entirely helpless...
雏鸟天生就拥有一个非同寻常的攀爬利器
..as they are born with an unusual piece of climbing equipment -
长在翅膀上的爪子
claws on their wings.
凭借它 这只小雏鸟安全爬回了巢里
So even this little chick can clamber back up to safety.
在水位最高的时期 这片地区大约有77万平方公里的平原
At the peak of high water, just under 300,000 square miles
会被淹没在洪水之中
of the Amazon's flood plain can be submerged.
而在这样巨大水体的压力下
Under this colossal weight of water,
这的地面也会下沉八厘米左右
the Earth's crust itself can sink by eight centimetres.
河水保持高位的时间可持续大约三个月
The floodwaters can remain high for three months,
并最终流入亚马逊河的下游
before they finally drain away down into the Lower Amazon.
在下游流域亚马逊河的宽度可达24公里
River banks down here can be 15 miles apart.
这里看上去更像是大海
Stretches of the Lower Amazon look more like a sea
河岸处还有一些引人入胜的沙滩
and on its shore there are some spectacular beaches.
这一地区常被人称为亚马逊雨林的加勒比海
This region is often called the Caribbean of the Amazon.
实际上 离这里的最近的海洋有480多公里
Even though it's more than 300 miles from the ocean.
每年 依靠河流生存的当地部族 里利贝里诺斯人
Every year, crowds of river people, Riberenos,
都会聚集在亚马逊下游的阿尔特杜尚小镇
gather in the Lower Amazon town of Alter do Chao
举♥行♥庆祝活动 感恩河流给予的馈赠
for a seasonal celebration of the river.
在人们开始准备狂欢之前
As the party preparations begin in the town,
桑德罗-布兰科和他的祖父
Sandro Branco and his grandfather
正在享受片刻的宁静时光
enjoy a moment of quiet before the fiesta.
我的孩子
So my son!
你对比赛有什么感想啊？
How are you feeling about the competition?
我觉得很紧张 我们已经彩排了很多遍
I'm feeling very anxious, because we have been rehearsing a lot
真希望可以尽早卸下这副重担
and I really want to take this weight off my shoulders.
桑德罗的紧张是有原因的 因为阿尔特杜尚小镇
Sandro is right to be nervous as Alter do Chao stages
要举办全巴西最绚丽多彩最激动人心的
one of the most colourful and surprising river carnivals
大河狂欢节
in all of Brazil.
而桑德罗就是领舞
And Sandro is the lead man.
充满诱惑的场面是最难表现出来的
The seduction scene is much more difficult
因为我的把一个女孩托举起来
as I have to lift the girl and carry her,
不能让她摔下来否则就会搞砸整个舞蹈
letting her fall or messing up the choreography.
这段舞步的难点是非同步性
Not being synchronised,
我最担心的是这部分
so that scene is the one I am most worried about.
桑德罗是这场演出的明星 他要扮演亚马逊河豚
Sandro is the star of the show, playing the pink boto -
它们是生活在河两岸人们心目中的传奇生物
a legendary creature for the river people.
当地人相信在满月的夜晚
The local belief is that on the night of the full moon,
亚马逊河豚就会变成一位性感的男子
the boto dolphin turns into a handsome and seductive man
他头戴白帽 身穿白衣
with a hat and a white suit.
来到地面上以后 他就会诱惑年轻的姑娘
Once on land, his challenge is to seduce young women.
尽管面临着重重压力
Despite the pressure,
表演还是成功完成了
the dance has been a success.
扮演亚马逊河豚并不容易
Being a boto is not easy
你首先要会跳舞 还要充满诱惑力
you have to be the dancer, the seducer,
台下必须做足准备工作
and there is whole preparation behind that.
桑德罗是他的家族中第三位扮演亚马逊河豚的人
Sandro is the third generation of boto dancers in his family,
不过他正面对激烈的竞争
but he's facing stiff competition.
后浪推前浪 下一代表演者已经赶上来了
The next wave of talent is hot on his heels.
我感觉非常兴奋 我热爱这个工作
I am really excited, I just loved it a lot.
这个庆祝活动已经有了数百年的历史
It's a celebration that has been going on for hundreds of years.
这些活动展现了亚马逊河的生命力
Showing just how the life of this great river
以及与沿岸的无数生命之间盘根错节
and the lives of millions that live along its banks
难解难分的密切关联
are inextricably intertwined.
在河流的尽头
By the time it reaches the sea,
亚马逊河每秒注入大西洋的水量
the Amazon River discharges around 175,000 tonnes of water
有10万吨♥左右
into the Atlantic Ocean per second.
这个水量实在是非常惊人了
This is more water than the next six largest rivers combined.
亚马逊河中的淡水并不十分清澈
The Amazon's fresh water floats above the sea as a vast brown cloud
其流域所覆盖的面♥积♥相当于大约一百万平方公里的海洋
covering an area of up to 400,000 square miles.
一直以来 我们都很难弄清楚亚马逊河下面
Until recently, it's been very difficult to find exactly
是什么样以及生活着何种生物
what lies and lives beneath.
而时至今日借助于最新的科技
But today, the very latest technology
与最先进的潜水艇 科学家们得以进入这片
and the most advanced submarines are allowing scientists
亚马逊河的秘密世界一探究竟
to explore this last secret world of the Amazon.
科学家团队的下潜地点位于亚马逊河入海口以北480公里处
In a dive 300 miles north of the Amazon's mouth,
他们发现河里所蕴含的丰富养分
the expedition is revealing that the river's nutrients
在注入大海之后产生并滋养了大量浮游生物
are fertilising the ocean's waters, creating a bloom of plankton.
很难想象 这片阴暗的水下会有生命
It is hard to imagine that there would be life underneath this murk.
潜到水下之后
As the dive continues below the plume,
科学家罗德里格-莫拉和驾驶员艾伦-斯科特
chief scientist Rodrigo Moura and pilot Allan Scott
发现了一个如梦如幻的世界
discover something extraordinary.
我这辈子从没见过这样的场景
Ah, I've never seen anything like this before, never.
这里有色彩斑斓 如礁石般的巨大藻类
A massive reef of colourful, rock-like algae.
块看
Oh, look.
我的天啊 它们可真大啊
Look at the size of these guys!
种类繁多的鱼类在此穿梭往返
Thronging with rich and varied marine life.
天使鱼 天啊
Angel fish. Heaven.
在营养丰富却又浑浊的河水遮盖之下
Under the dense plume of the fertile river water,
竟有这样一个隐秘世界
it turns out there is a hidden world.
庞大的藻礁蔓延近千公里
An enormous algal reef more than 600 miles long.
不止如此
And that's not all.
还有一片巨型海绵形成的水下花♥园♥
An underwater garden of giant sponges.
有些海绵直径可达一米以上
Some of the sponges are more than a metre across
寿命则已高达千年
and 1,000 years old.
它们所赖以生存的营养物质都来自亚马逊河
All feeding on nutrients which the Amazon has collected
在这趟非凡旅程中的积累
on its incredible journey.
这可不是经常能看到的，对吧？ 对 通常看不到 这里太奇特了
We don't see this every day, huh? No, not every day, this is special.
在地球上 没有哪一条河流能够拥有如此神奇的能力
No other river on Earth is known to have the power
在入海口处的海洋中形成如此奇特的生态系统
to shape such an extraordinary ecosystem out in the ocean.
每一次下潜都将改写我们从前的认知
Every dive is now rewriting the textbooks.