鸟瞰中国（2015）

这是位于恒山的悬空寺，
This is the hanging temple of Heng shan,
建于1500年前
built 1500 years ago.
它经受了时间和风吹雨打，
It's weathered both time and the elements,
正如它过去的建设者所希望的那样
just as its builders intended.
in the past,
该地区经常发生洪水
this area often experienced floods.
人们容易失去生命
people lost their lives.
传说，当地人决定建造一座寺庙
legend has it that the locals decided to build a temple
寻求佛陀的保护
to seek Buddha's protection.
这座建筑悬挂在峡谷上方250英尺处，
the structure hangs 250 feet above a canyon,
依靠在挑梁之上
nestled beneath an overhang
这保护了它几个世纪
That's protected it for centuries.
为了建造这座寺庙，工人们用绳索攀爬下来
to build the temple, workers rappelled down
手工雕刻
and hand-chiseled horizontal
和垂直的基础伸进石头里
and vertical foundations into the mountain.
后来增加了柱子以加固结构
the pillars were added later to reinforce the structure
安抚蜂拥而至的紧张游客
and appease nervous tourists who flock here.
我们最大的挑战
our greatest challenge
确保悬空寺的长存
in ensuring the hanging monastery's longevity
因为游客量大
is the high volume of visitors.
为了保护寺庙，
to protect temple,
我们需要控制进场人数
We need to keep these numbers under control.
1975年，上面的整个木质部分倒塌
in 1975, the entire wooden section above collapsed.
横梁松动了，
the crossbeam was moved,
新梁被单独锲入
and new wood pieces were inserted individually.
今天，只能有80名游客在这里，
today only 80 visitors are
一次允许进去的量
allowed in at a time
为了保护这一非凡的景象。
to preserve this remarkable sight.
在中国西部，另一个工程奇迹
in western China, another engineering wonder
更低调
is more understated.
这里是吐鲁番，维♥吾♥尔族的故乡
This is Turpan, home of the Uyghur people.
一个干燥荒凉的地区，
It's a dry and desolate area,
有奇怪的土堆
spotted with odd-looking mounds.
这些隆起实际上是引导
those bumps are actually wells that lead
到一个叫做坎儿井的古代灌溉系统
to an ancient irrigation system called the karez.
在地表之下，有一千多口垂直井
beneath the surface, more than a thousand vertical wells
延伸到运河
stretch down to canals.
利用自然重力，运河输送水
using gravity, the canals carry water
从被雨水浸透的山脉到沙漠
from the rain-soaked mountains to the desert.
地下运河限制了
the underground canals prevent
水的蒸发
the water from evaporating
而水井则为人们提供了水源
while the wells give people access to the water.
今天，这个系统滋养了一个叫做葡萄峡谷的地区，
Today, the system nourishes an area called grape valley,
曾经是丝绸之路沿线疲惫旅行者的绿洲
once an oasis for weary travelers along the silk road.
但维持这一古老的体系既困难又危险
But maintaining the ancient system is difficult and risky.
我已经做了10年了
I have been doing this for 10 years.
第一次很吓人，
the first time it was quite scary,
但过了一会儿，我就习惯了
But after a while I got used to it.
工人们经常下井
workers regularly descend into the wells
清除沉淀物并稳定墙壁
to dredge out sediment and stabilize the walls.
这样做很重要
It is important to do this.
如果我们不这样做运河就会干涸，
if we don't, the canals will dry up,
村里也没有饮用水
and the village will not have drinking water.
运河为数千人提供饮用水，
the canals provide drinking water to thousands,
灌溉该地区30%的作物
and irrigate 30 percent of the crops in the region
其中一些葡萄园可以追溯到3世纪
some of these grape fields date back to the 3rd century.
这里的生产规模，从空气中可以很好地反映出来
the scale of production here is best revealed from the air.
农民们用这些泥砖屋
farmers use these mud brick blocks
使数百万葡萄脱水并制♥作♥葡萄干
to dehydrate millions of grapes and make raisins.
这是另一个巧妙的例子
It's another ingenious example
人类和大自然一起工作。
of people working with mother nature.
在中国最南端，
in extreme southern China,
当地人已经把农业变成了一种艺术形式
locals have turned farming into an art form.
这是元阳梯田，
these are the Yuanyang rice terraces,
由当地哈尼人种植
cultivated by the local Hani people.
140万哈尼人，生活在中国的这一地区，
1.4 million Hani live in this part of China,
那里有着对自然的深切尊重
where there is a deep respect for nature.
他们的祖先在1300年前开垦了这些田地
their ancestors carved these fields 1300 years ago.
我们今天能够享受如此幸福的生活
We are able to enjoy such blessed lives today
多亏了我们祖先的辛勤工作和忍♥耐力
thanks to our ancestors' hard work and endurance.
成千上万的梯田层叠而下
thousands of terraces cascade
沿着山坡往下走
down parts of the mountain.
哈尼人使用一系列沟渠
the Hani use a series of ditches and canals
让泉水中的雨水穿过梯田
to move rainfall in spring water through the terraces
保持田地湿润
to keep the fields wet.
这里的当地人有句谚语
the locals here have a saying.
山越高，水越高
the higher the mountains the higher the water sources.
森林中储存的水形成了天然水库
the water stored in forests forms natural reservoirs.
这种潮湿的耕作方式也取决于
this wet farming also depends
山上的自然生态系统
on the mountain's natural ecosystem.
首先，水从下面的河谷蒸发，
first water evaporates from river valleys below,
在山顶形成雾和云
forming fog and clouds at the peaks.
接下来，山林让云层凝结
next, mountain forests trap the clouds.
然后，雨水流向梯田，
then, rain water flows back down through the terraces,
填满田野
filling the fields.
我们与梯田有着深厚的联♥系♥
We are deeply connected to the terraces.
因为有梯田，
because of the terraces,
我们有食物、衣服和住所
We are able to have food, clothing, and shelter.
梯田是基础
the terraces are the foundation
我们得以繁衍生息
from which We are able to reproduce and survive.
它们象征着力量
and, They symbolize the strength
还有民族的精神
and the spirit of the tribe.
梯田在文化上如此重要，
the fields are so culturally important,
他们被联♥合♥国♥教科文组织命名为世界遗产
They've been named a UNESCO world heritage site.
他们的美丽鼓舞了一代又一代的艺术家，
their beauty has inspired generations of artists,
他们来这里捕捉阳光和宁静
who come here to capture the sunlight and the serenity.
梯田以北1800英里
1800 miles north of the rice paddies
是一个与蒙古接壤的崎岖地区
is a rugged area that borders Mongolia
这里是哈萨克猎鹰者的家园
This is the home to the Kazakh eagle hunters.
这是一种无情的气候
It's an unforgiving climate.
冬天的温度可以降到零下20度，
winter temperatures can drop to 20 below,
但是大约120万哈萨克人住在这里，
But around 1.2 million Kazakh live here,
部分原因在于他们的传统
thanks in part to their tradition
训练金雕捕猎
of training golden eagles to hunt.
猎鹰是哈萨克人的传统
eagle hunting is a tradition of the Kazakh people.
这是我们祖先传下来的习俗
is a custom passed down from our ancestors.
它代表了我们整个民族，
It represents the entire race of our people,
我们前进的勇气、决心和意志
our courage, determination, and will to move ahead.
我们有责任把它传递下去
We have a duty to pass it on.
我父亲就是这样教我的
This is how my father taught me
我会把它传给我儿子
and I will pass it on to my son.
你可以通过触觉来判断一只鹰有多健康
You can tell how healthy an eagle is through touch and feel.
这是老鹰训练师需要学习的第一件事
This is the first thing an eagle trainer needs to learn.
是的，没错
yes That's right.
现在，把它举起来
now, raise it up.
是的，就这样，让老鹰坐直
yes, That's it, let the eagle sit straight.
向前走一步
walk a step ahead.
男人在鹰出生后，就选择它
men choose an eagle right after It's born.
训练员和他们的家人一起饲养小鹰，
trainers raise the chicks alongside their own families,
亲手喂养动物，建立感情
hand feeding the animals to build a bond.
训练一只鹰大约需要五年时间，
It takes around five years to train an eagle,
哈萨克人认为是一种艺术形式
a practice the Kazakhs consider an art form.
这种独特的做法也有助于保护老鹰
this unique practice also helps protect the eagles.
这些人最终会把这些鸟放归野外，
the men will eventually release the birds into the wild,
尊重动物的行为
an act of respect for an animal
他们相信，这象征着自♥由♥
They believe symbolizes freedom.
目前，这些人将回家
for now, the men will return home
庆祝他们的成功狩猎
to celebrate their successful hunt.
中国的另一个原始地区位于最南端，
another pristine part of China exists in the extreme south,
三条浩瀚的河流并排流淌
where three mighty rivers flow alongside one another.
云南是中国的故乡