生命的奇迹（2013）

Wonders of Life S01E04

Part 7 Sept. 6, 2021, 3:12 p.m.

At different times of their lives,
仅仅是因为它们的体型不同
they have a completely different relationship
它们与周遭世界的关系完全不同
with the world around them, simply down to their size.
在强盗蟹的一生中
Throughout their lives,
它们会拥有许多不同形态
robber crabs take on many different forms.
它们刚出生时仅是弱小的幼体
They begin their lives as small larvae,
随着海流四处漂流随着不断长大
swept around by the ocean currents, and as they grow,
有一些会被冲到圣诞岛的海滩上
some of them get swept up onto the beaches of Christmas Island,
找到一只贝壳因为事实上它们是寄居蟹
where they find a shell, because they are, in fact, hermit crabs.
它们会在贝壳里生存一段时间
They live inside their shell for a while,
然后继续长大最后作为一只成年螃蟹
they continue to grow, and eventually, as adults,
就像这个小家伙一样在森林里游荡
they roam the forests like this chap here.
所以在这些螃蟹的一生之中
So these crabs, over that lifespan,
它们的世界几经变化
inhabit many different worlds.
到岛上后这些成熟个体还会继续成长
On land, the adults continue to grow
而且需要支撑体重对抗引力
and now have to support their weight against gravity.
相对于四周快速爬过的小螃蟹来讲
Compared to the smaller crabs whizzing around,
这些巨人们只能缓慢地爬行
these giants move about much more slowly,
但它们也拥有更长的生命
but they also live far longer.
在圣诞岛所有的陆地蟹之中
Of all the species of land crab here on Christmas Island,
这些强盗蟹并不仅仅是最大的
the robber crabs are not only the biggest,
它们也是寿命最长的
they're also the longest-living.
所以这个小家伙也许已经跟我一样大了
So this chap here is probably about as old as me,
它能活到六十七十甚至八十岁
and he might live to 60, 70, even 80 years old.
因为这些强盗蟹体型更大
Because of the robber crab's overall body size,
它们身体中每个细胞消耗的能量更少
its individual cells use less energy
相较于短命的小亲戚们来说
and they run at a slower rate
它们的每个细胞运转得更为缓慢
than the cells of their much smaller, shorter-lived cousins.
对于强盗蟹生命的脚步已经放缓
The pace of life is slower for robber crabs,
正是这一点让它们
and it's this that's thought to allow them
得享高龄
to live to a ripe old age.
体型影响着你生命的方方面面
Your size influences every aspect of your life...
从身体结构
From the way you were built...
到行动方式
To the way you move...
甚至是你的寿命
And even how long you live.
体型决定了
Your size dictates
你将如何与自然界的法则互动
how you interact with the universal laws of nature.
最小的体型
So there's a minimum size,
被原子与分子的大小所限制
which is set ultimately by the size of atoms and molecules,
分子和原子正是宇宙的基石
the fundamental building blocks of the universe.
而陆地上最大生物的体型
And there's a maximum size which, certainly on land,
被这个星球的大小和重量所限制
is set by the size and the mass of our planet,
因为地球引力限制了巨型生物的出现
because it's gravity that restricts the emergence of giants.
在这限制之间进化创造了
But within those constraints, evolution has conspired to produce
大小不同的动物和植物
a huge range in size of animals and plants,
每一种
each beautifully adapted
都找到了适合自己的生态位
to exploit the niches available to them.
你的体型影响了你的结构你所受的制约
Your size influences your form and constriction.
决定了你将如何体验这个世界
It determines how you experience the world,
这种体验又能延续多久
and ultimately, how long you have to enjoy it.
花椒桉属
地球引力
水
最大的树木质量=一千吨♥
最小的细菌质量=一万亿分之一克
体型很重要
大白鲨锥齿鲨属
1/3
1/4
总长度
红袋鼠大袋鼠属
尾骨肌
腓肠外侧
跟腱
趾长伸肌
二倍尺寸=二的立方倍质量
双门齿兽双门齿兽属
横截面面♥积♥=π x 半径的平方
5倍长
40倍粗
袋鼬
长鼻袋鼠
袋獾
袋熊
澳洲野犬
红袋鼠
双门齿兽
瑞拖斯龙
牙买♥♥加犀金龟木犀金龟属
动能=0.5倍质量 x 速度平方
赤眼蜂赤眼蜂属
凝块石
南方长翼蝠长翼蝠属
表面♥积♥=24 体积=8
表面♥积♥:体积=3:1
表面♥积♥=6 体积=1
表面♥积♥:体积=6:1
袋鼬每分钟心跳两百次
袋獾每分钟心跳一百次
人类心跳频率每分钟六十次
能量消耗
重量
圣诞岛红珊瑚蟹拟地蟹属
格雷陆方蟹陆方蟹属
红珊瑚寄居蟹陆寄居蟹属
强盗蟹椰子蟹属