与恐龙同行（2025）

一亿年前
And 100 million years ago,
掠食者的活动范围远不止陆地与水域
there weren't just predators on land and in the water.
它们同样盘踞天空
They were also in the air.
这是一块不死鸟翼龙的下颌骨
So this is a lower jaw of a Alanqa,
卡玛卡玛群的一只翼龙
this is a Kem Kem pterosaur.
非常珍贵的标本
It is a pretty remarkable specimen.
嗯
Uh-hum.
不死鸟翼龙是一种飞行的大型爬行动物
Alanqa was a huge flying reptile
翼展达7米
with a seven metre wing span.
相当于现代最大鸟类的两倍
Twice that of any bird alive today.
可以说
Essentially
我们现在所观察到的这部分下颌骨化石
what we're looking a t here is the skull
能够一直延伸
would be going back you know.
到这里
Like this.
对 差不多到这里
Yeah, something like this.
差不多一米长
A metre more or less.
没错
Yeah.
相当大
Pretty big.
对 可能是卡玛卡玛群最大的翼龙
Yeah, it's probably the largest Kem Kem pterosaur.
翼龙颌骨的结构揭示了这种飞行巨兽的食性
It's jaws reveal what this flying monster would have eaten.
这个隆起的结构很特别
It's got this really interesting raised structure here,
它呈Y字形
it's got like a Y shape,
上颌存在与之完全对应的吻合结构
there's a corresponding matching part in the upper jaw
据此推测
and so maybe
这样的结构很可能用于碾碎猎物的硬壳
this was something that was used to crush hard shell prey.
除了能够捕食贝类的颌部
Although it's adapted to each shellfish,
庞大的体形更使它能轻松猎杀其他猎物
Alanqa was so big, it didn't need to be picky.
不死鸟翼龙在陆地上行走时
It's possible that these things were catching little things on the ground
很可能会捕食一些小型动物
you know, when they walk on the ground.
可能是年幼的恐龙 小型鳄鱼 两栖动物
May be little dinosaurs, little crocs, amphibians,
能抓到什么就吃什么
whatever they could catch.
没错 没错
Yes, yes.
不死鸟翼龙出没之处
With Alanqa about,
没有小型动物是安全的
no small creature was safe.
要抵达帆锯鳐的繁殖水域
To reach the saw skate breeding ground,
索贝克必须带领幼崽穿越森林
Sobec must lead his young family through the forest.
这是它们的最后一道考验
It's their final challenge.
却也最为致命
But the most deadly.
对不死鸟翼龙而言
For Alanqa,
棘龙幼崽无疑是一道美味
a young Spinosaurus would make a tasty meal.
茂密的森林更是为伏击
And the dense foliage provides perfect cover
提供了完美的掩护
for an ambush.
为时已晚
Too late.
历经艰险的索贝克
Having come so far,
痛失一只幼崽
losing one of his babies
这对它来说是个巨大的打击
is a huge blow.
但为了保全其他幼崽
But if Sobec is to keep the others alive,
它必须继续前行
he must keep moving.
索贝克一家终于走出了森林
As the family emerges from the forest,
旅程终点已近在眼前
their journey's end is in sight.
帆锯鳐的繁殖水域
The saw skate breeding ground.
将为索贝克一家提供充足的食物
and the promise of plentiful food for Sobec and his family.
要想让幼崽填饱肚子
But for his babies to eat,
索贝克必须冲出重围抢占最佳位置
Sobec will have to fight his way to the front of the queue.
在发掘现场
And at the dig,
尼扎尔
Nizar
与古生物学家加布里埃尔·宾德利尼博士
and palaeontologist Doctor Gabriele Bindellini
发现了一项关键证据或许能揭示
have evidence that could reveal
棘龙是如何解决争执的
how Spinosaurus settled their differences.
这应该是目前最长的神经棘了
So I think this is the tallest we've got.
嗯 顶端还缺失了很长一部分
Uh-huh. And it still miss a good portion at the tip.
是啊 我觉得缺失了30到35厘米
Yeah, I mean I think we're missing 30, 35
甚至有可能是40厘米
maybe even 40 centimetres.
它的完整状态很长
Which makes it super long.
没错
Yes.
你扶那头 可以吗 我扶着这里
Do you want to take this end? I'll hold it here.
好的
Uh-huh.
这根长度超过1.5米的骨骼
Over a metre and a half long,
是支撑索贝克高耸背帆的
this is one of the 15 bones that rose up from Sobec's back
15根神经棘之一
supporting his enormous sail.
我尝试复原过其他神经棘
I've tried to visualise all of his other spines,
实在是太大了
I mean it's a massive structure.
棘龙的背帆如此庞大
Spinosaurus sails are so big,
它的功能必定十分重要
they must have had an important function.
这样的身体结构可能是用来展示的
It's probably like primarily a display structure to you know.
远远就能看到
To be seen from the distance.
没错 比如
Yeah, like...
孔雀
Peacock.
对 就像孔雀开屏
Yeah, like a peacock train.
与孔雀不同的是
But unlike a peacock,
尼扎尔认为棘龙展示背帆的主要目的
Nizar believes the main function of Spinosaurus'sail
可能并非为了寻找配偶
might not have been to find a mate.
假设你是一只棘龙
So you want Spinosaurus
接近其他同类的领地时
and you come close to another Spinosaurus territory.
嗯
Oh yes.
首先会看到这巨大的背帆
and what you gonna see, you're gonna see this big sail, right
单凭巨大的背帆
and just by looking at the sail
就足以让其他恐龙意识到
you can go oh that's a really big Spinosaurus,
最好别靠近它
I better not get close to this guy.
离我远点
Stay away from here.
我认为它能有效吓退
I think it would be very efficient at scaring off erm,
其他掠食者 或竞争对手
other predators or, or rivals.
索贝克极具威力的背帆
Sobec's intimidating sail
是它抢占
could be just what he needs
最佳捕鱼位置的一大优势
to win a prime fishing spot.
摆脱卡玛卡玛群地区掠食者的重重猎杀后
Having run the gauntlet of Kem Kem predators,
距离确保棘龙幼崽填饱肚子
there's now only one thing standing between him
仅剩最后一道关卡
and feeding his babies.
另一只雄性棘龙
A rival Spinosaurus.
索贝克必须设法震慑住这只年长的雄性
Sobec must try to intimidate this older male
取代对方的位置
and take his place on the bank.
它跳起仪式性的舞蹈
So he initiates a ritual dance,
充分展示自己的背帆
showing off his sail.
作为年轻的一方
But as a young male,
索贝克的背帆较小
Sobec's sail is smaller.
因此威力不足
And not intimidating enough.
索贝克被驱逐出
Forced from the bank
更容易捕获猎物的浅水区后
where the fish are easier to catch,
喂养幼崽的任务
the job of feeding his hungry babies
变得愈发艰难
has just got much more difficult.
能记录一下数据吗 马可
Can we get some measurements? Marco?
然而发掘出的证据显示
But evidence from the dig.
140厘米
140.
索贝克或许另有制胜法宝
suggests Sobec may have been well equipped for the challenge.
这是一项前所未见的发现
It's something we haven't really seen before.
全新的发现
Something new.
一块缺失的脚部骨骼
One of the missing foot bones.
索贝克的脚部结构与现代水禽相似
Sobec's foot bones are similar to those of water birds
这意味着它可能长有蹼足
meaning his feet could have been webbed.
好了 他们会包裹住它 用胶带固定
Here we are, maybe they're going to wrap it in this, tape it.
这一块我们给它打上石膏
This one we're going to put in a plaster jacket.
蹼足能帮助棘龙在水中追逐猎物
Helping him to swim after his prey.
箱子在哪里
Where's the box?
追上猎物后
And if he caught it,
索贝克的另一种演化特征就派上了用场
Sobec had another adaptation.
这些牙齿值得一提
Teeth are really amazing.
到水下它立马就成了凶猛的掠食者
That made him a formidable underwater predator.
如果不知道这是棘龙的化石
If I didn't know Spinosaurus was here,
我会将它误认为鳄鱼的牙齿
I would say this is a crocodile tooth.
你看二者的齿形几乎完全一样
Looking at it, the shape is basically the same you know.