山间的生命极限（2017）

这是攀岩
This is big wall climbing
很极端
in the extreme.
如果从高处坠落，
Falling from the top,
落地需要22秒的时间
it would take 22 long seconds to hit the ground.
因为花岗岩凝固得太慢了
Because this granite solidified so slowly
几万年来，
over tens of thousands of years,
里面有大量的石英晶体...
it's packed with large quartz crystals...
这是登山者成功的关键
..and that's the key to the climbers' success.
石英像砂纸一样粗糙，有很好的抓地力，但表皮碎裂
As coarse as sandpaper, quartz is good for grip, but skin-shredding.
3个小时，伊万到达海拔5000米的地方
Three hours in, Ivan's at an altitude of almost 5,000 metres.
这里的氧气只有海平面的一半
There's only half the oxygen as at sea level.
他的肌肉在抗♥议♥
His muscles are screaming.
现在，他面临着攀登中最艰难的部分
And now he faces the toughest part of the climb.
接下来是一块被冰和风打磨的光滑陡峭面
Next, a sheer face polished smooth by ice and wind.
哦！
Oooh!
哦！
Ooh!
哦！
Ooooh!
哦！
Ooh!
哦！
Oooh!
哦
Oooh.
我累坏了
I'm exhausted.
空气太稀薄了
The air is so thin
在这个高度很难呼吸
and it's hard to breathe at this altitude.
攀登了六个小时，
Six relentless hours into the climb,
轮到福柯站在前面
and Foucault takes his turn in front.
十个小时后，山顶
After ten hours, the summit.
为了…一整天...就为了这一刻，你知道，就是为了欣赏这景色
All day for...just for this moment, you know, just to enjoy this view.
哇！
Wow.
太神了
Amazing.
伊万和福柯已经爬过云层达到5300米
Ivan and Foucault have climbed above the clouds to 5,300 metres.
在它们之外，是一个全新的高海拔世界
Beyond them stretches a whole new world of extreme high altitude.
秘鲁的科迪勒拉布兰卡，白色山脉
Peru's Cordillera Blanca, the white range.
在这里，云层从200英里以东的亚马逊盆地 滚滚而来
Here, clouds roll in from the Amazon basin 200 miles to the east.
因为它们满载雨林的水分，
Because they are so laden with rainforest moisture,
它们会生成湿粘的雪，
they generate wet, sticky snow,
创造一个巨大的雪雕世界
creating a world of colossal snow sculptures.
飞檐，由山顶上的积雪制成，
Cornices, made by snow blown over mountain crests,
数千吨♥雪 在山脊线上摇摇欲坠
thousands of tonnes teetering on the ridgeline.
粘雪附着在峭壁上
The sticky snow clings to cliffs.
在雪崩冲出沟渠的地方，会形成滑流...
Flutings form where avalanches have gouged channels...
最神秘的是安第斯山脉的特色-
..and most mysterious of all - and a speciality of the Andes -
冰钉，
penitentes,
冰片，
blades of ice,
每个都有六米高，
each up to six metres tall,
由太阳在雪地上雕刻的凹槽形成
formed by the sun carving troughs in the snow.
这是我们星球上 最伟大的自然奇观之一，
One of the great natural wonders of our planet,
四英里外，几乎从未见过
four miles up and almost never seen.
不过，有一种生物可以安家
One creature, though, makes a home
在安第斯山脉中部的终极冰层世界
in the Central Andes' ultimate ice world.
秘鲁的奎尔卡亚冰川，占地15平方英里
Peru's Quelccaya glacier covers 15 square miles.
这是热带地区面♥积♥最大的冰
It's the largest expanse of ice in the tropics.
然而，白翅迪卡雀在这里繁衍生息，
And yet, white-winged Diuca finches thrive here,
海拔5500米
5,500 metres up.
也被称为冰川鸟，
Also known as glacier birds,
来这里，是躲避捕食者
they come to Quelccaya to avoid predators.
它们发现了一个养育幼儿的完美地方
And they've discovered the perfect place to raise a family.
冰川本身
The glacier itself.
啁啾声
CHIRPING
两只小鸟被安全地藏在里面
Two chicks are hidden safely inside.
世界上唯一的冰川筑巢鸟类
The world's only glacier-nesting birds.
这是第一次
And this is the very first time
有人在它们的巢穴里见过
anybody's seen inside one of their nests.
在晚上，
At night,
下降到-10
it drops to minus 10.
但在它们的巢穴里，
But insulated in their nest,
威胁它们的不是寒冷
it's not the cold that threatens them up here.
而是太阳
It's the sun.
小鸟的寿命不长
The chicks don't have long.
不到一个月，它们的家将从冰崖上融化
In less than a month, their home will melt out of the ice cliff.
这是一场与时间的赛跑
It's a race against time.
在一些地方，奎尔卡亚正以每年超过10米的速度后退
In places, Quelccaya is receding over ten metres a year.
其他巢穴已经跌落
Other nests have already fallen.
最后，一只小鸟足够勇敢
Finally, one chick is bold enough
跟随父母进入外部世界，
to follow its parent into the outside world,
让它的兄弟姐妹独自一人
leaving its sibling all alone.
现在，鸟巢开始坍塌
Now, the nest is beginning to collapse.
作为最后手段，父母减少了喂食
As a last resort, the parents cut back on feeding.
也许可以哄出一只更饿的小鸟
Perhaps a more hungry chick can be coaxed out.
终于安全了
Safe at last.
但该物种的未来，并不那么确定
But the future for its species is less certain.
这里的气温在上升，
The air temperature up here is rising,
奎尔卡亚的后退正在加速
and Quelccaya's retreat is accelerating.
按照目前的速度，奎尔卡亚在20年内将缩小30%
At current rates, Quelccaya will be 30% smaller in just 20 years.
冰川鸟的家园，正在慢慢消失
The home of the glacier bird is slowly disappearing.
每个非同寻常的安第斯世界，都有自己独特的挑战
Each extraordinary Andean world has its own unique challenges.
从瞬息万变的美洲狮世界出发，这是一段漫长的旅程
It's a long journey from the fast-changing world of the puma...
穿过贫瘠的盐滩...
..through the sterile salt flats...
穿越安第斯山脉中部崎岖的山峰
..and across the rugged peaks of the Central Andes.
但在从南到北的旅程中，有一个结局，
But on the journey from south to north, there's one final,
非常不同的安第斯世界
very different Andean world.
厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉中部以北900英里，赤道上
900 miles north of the Central Andes, on the Equator, in Ecuador.
鸟鸣
BIRDSONG
云林
Cloud forest.
即使在2000米的高空，也只有15度，
Even 2,000 metres up, it's 15 degrees,
阳光充足...
with lots of sunshine...
..比安第斯山脉的任何地方都要多雨-
..and more rain than anywhere else in the Andes -
一年六米
six metres a year.
雷声隆隆
THUNDER RUMBLES
这是为了生活的完美秘诀
It's the perfect recipe for life.
成千上万的物种争夺空间
Tens of thousands of species jostle for space.
近800种鸟类，
Almost 800 kinds of bird,
六分之一的植物物种...
a sixth of all plant species...
但是激烈的竞争让这里的生活变得艰难
..but intense competition makes living here tough.
几乎所有东西，都想吃其他东西
It seems everything wants to eat everything else.
生存的方法之一就是融入其中
One way to survive is to blend in.
棒状昆虫模仿多刺的云林植物
Stick insects mimic thorny cloud-forest plants.
玻璃蛙更进一步...
Glass frogs go a step further...
皮肤半透明
..with translucent skin
…来弱化它们的轮廓
..to soften their silhouette.
但这里有一只青蛙，它将调和到一个全新的水平
But there's one frog here that takes blending in to a whole new level.
一只新发现的雨蛙，
A newly discovered rain frog,
只有两厘米长
only two centimetres long.
表面上看，
On the face of it,
很普通...
he looks quite ordinary...
但它有一个让生物学家困惑的窍门
..but he has a trick up his sleeve that baffles biologists.
躲避捕食者的窍门...
A trick to escape predators...
这条睫毛毒蛇
..like this eyelash viper.
大眼睛锁定猎物
Large eyes lock onto the prey.
它跳起来寻找掩护...
He leaps for cover...
现在是它的绝招
..and now his masterstroke.
它正在长出 三维伪装技术
He's growing three-dimensional camouflage.
新形状、颜色和质地与苔藓完美融合
His new shape, colour and texture blend perfectly with the moss.
变形雨蛙于2014年被发现
The shape-shifting rain frog was discovered in 2014.
只有从11棵树上才能知道
It's only known from 11 individual trees
在整个云林里
in the whole of the cloud forest.
这只是每年在这里发现的许多新物种之一
It's just one of many new species being found here every year.
这个世界上隐藏着太多我们尚未发现的东西
There's so much hidden in this world that we're yet to discover.
在安第斯山脉，我们星球上最长最丰富的山脉，
In the Andes, our planet's longest and richest mountain range,
云林无疑是生命的终极场所
the cloud forest is surely the ultimate place for life
云层之上
above the clouds.