生命之色（2021）

向同类发出信♥号♥♥
But this camera had been developed in sterile, controlled conditions,
但这台相机是在无菌可控条件下制♥造♥出来的
and these fiddler crabs live in
而这些招潮蟹生活的地方
one of the least sterile environments on earth,
是地球上最算不上无菌的环境
Australia's tropical mudflats.
澳大利亚的热带泥滩
通常是在实验室里进行测试
我们设计这项技术时
And it performs well there.
那里的表现是挺好
Taking it out in nature, out in the open,
但是带到自然中，来到户外开阔的地方
it's a very different challenge.
是一个非常不同的挑战
And also a challenge for the cameraman, Mark Lamble.
这对摄影师马克·兰布尔来说也是一个挑战
That mudflat, it's just a really extreme environment to work.
泥潭是非常极端的工作环境
Blazing sun overhead,
头顶是烈日灼烧
really high humidity,and almost no airflow.
湿度很高 而且几乎没有气流
To make matters even more difficult,
让事情变得更难的地方在于
the camera needed to be half buried in mud to get a fiddler-crab's-eye view.
相机需要被半埋进泥里以获得招潮蟹的视线
And there's another problem.
这就有了另一个麻烦
One of the things that's really tricky about being on the mudflats
最难搞的另一件事是 这片泥潭上
is the fact that the water that comes in there is salt water. It's seawater.
涌进来的水都是盐水 是海水
But as the day goes on,
但是随着时间的推移
the water evaporates,leaving it more and more and more salty.
水分会蒸发 变得越来越咸
So by the time it's starting to dry out,
等到开始变干的时候
it's really, really severe brine,
会变成真的很咸的盐水
and if you get your hands in it,it just literally peels the skin off.
你把手放上去都会脱皮
no one could be sure.
没人知道相机是否能正常工作
I'm slightly worried.
我有一点担心
Hopefully, we're not going to miss that special moment
希望相机别掉链子
as the camera is not going to work,but I think we'll be okay.
别错过特殊时刻，但我觉得应该没问题
Good luck.Thank you.
-祝好运-谢谢
Once in position, Mark settled down
一旦准备好
Mark settled down for an uncomfortable wait.
马克要安顿下来 难受地等待着
It's incredibly hot.
真是热得一塌糊涂
The air temperature is somewhere around about 36 to 37 degrees Celsius.
气温大约是36到37摄氏度
If the crabs detect the slightest movement,
如果招潮蟹察觉了一点点动静
they disappear into their burrows.
就会躲进它们的洞穴里
Again
又来了…
and again.
又来了
I have to be really still, or…
我必须非常静止 否则…
they will not come out at all.
它们根本不会过来
I'd love to be able to have an umbrella over me.
我好希望头上能有一把雨伞
So, yes, anything over the top of me,
头上无论有什么东西
anything higher than me or the camera…
只要比我或相机高一点的东西…
is just not tolerated by the fiddler crabs.
招潮蟹都容忍♥不得
They just won't come up.
它们就不会出现
But amazingly,
但令人惊讶的是
the camera survived the heat,the humidity, and the caustic brine,
相机熬过了热度、湿度以及腐蚀性盐水
and eventually, Mark was able to capture,for the first time,
最终 马克第一次看到了
a fiddler crab's world in polarised light.
偏振光下的招潮蟹世界
Light reflected from the crabs' bodies is unpolarised,
反射在招潮蟹躯壳上的是非偏振光
so they look dark.
所以它们看起来很暗沉
This makes them stand out against the mudflats,
这让它们在泥潭上变得很明显
from which the reflected light is polarised.
泥潭上反射的是偏振光
They can see things that we can only imagine.
我们只能想象它们看到的东西
When you look up and you see a bird fly over,
当你抬头看到一只鸟飞过
it's a white bird against a white sky.
它是一只白鸟飞翔在白色的天空。
Whereas when they look up,
而当它们抬头看的时候
it's just this total silhouette with the polarisation,
只是带有偏振光的轮廓
and they can see birds coming from miles away.
所以它们能看到数英里之外的鸟类
And often, I'm filming,
好几次 我正在拍摄
and they'll all bolt down their holes,and I'll wonder why.
它们着急地回了洞穴，我还在纳闷为什么
And it's just because they've spotted a bird
原来是它们早早地发现了一只鸟
way earlier than I would've been able to see it.
而我还没来得及看见
So polarised light helps the crabs
因此 偏振光可以帮助螃蟹
pick out distant potential mates,rivals, and predators
在明亮的偏振光环境下
more quickly against their bright polarised background.
更快地寻找到远处的潜在配偶、对手还有捕食者
And for Viktor,
对维克多来说
it was the first time he had seen the camera he had developed in the lab
这是他第一次看到自己在实验室发明的相机
revealing the world in the way these tiny creatures see it.
用这种方式揭开这些小生物看到的世界
It's an amazing footage you've captured, Mark.
你拍的这些影片太棒了 马克
It's really amazing.
真的太厉害了
You really put the system to its limits today.
你今天真的把这个系统发挥到了极致
But there was one even bigger challenge for the camera.
但是 相机还面临着更大的挑战
One that lay farther out to sea.
有一台相机位于更遥远的海里
Underwater,
在水下
only crustaceans,cephalopods, and a few fish
据说只有甲壳类、头足类动物和少数鱼类
are known to be able to see and react to polarised light.
能够看见并对偏振光产生反应
But there is one animal here
但是这里有一种动物
that exploits this ability in a really complex way.
通过非常复杂的方式挖掘了自己的能力
The peacock mantis shrimp.
雀尾螳螂虾
It's not only able to detect polarisation
它不仅能察觉到偏振光
but has patches on its body that reflect light in a polarised form,
身体上还有斑点能够以偏光形式反射光线
and it uses them to signal to others of their own kind
它通过人类平常看不到的方式
in ways that we cannot normally see.
向同族发出信♥号♥♥
Prof. Justin Marshall of Queensland University
昆士兰大学的贾斯汀·马歇尔教授
has adapted the polarising camera to work underwater.
改装了在水底工作的偏振相机
Here we go.
我们开始吧
This is the camera that's gonna show us polarisation.
这是将要向我们展示偏振光的相机
Rory McGuinness,the team's underwater cameraman,
罗里·麦吉尼斯是这个团队的水下摄影师
arrived to see the latest version of the camera.
他过来看最新版相机
You've obviously done a lot of work to get this into an underwater housing.
显然你为了让它适应水下环境做了很多工作
Yeah, that's right.
对 没错
有台计算机控制了相机
你能在这里看到
There's quite a lot of engineering going on in there.
这里面的工程可真多啊
Taking the camera for its first test underwater
带着相机进行水下第一次测试
was a tense moment.
是一个紧张的时刻
Computers and salt water don't usually mix well.
计算机和盐水通常不会和谐相处
Having found a suitable spot,
找到了一个合适的位置后
it was time for the camera's first critical test.
该进行相机的第一次临界测试了
A leak could be disastrous.
漏一点水就完蛋了
But all is well.
但一切还不错
Now they need a mantis shrimp.
现在它们要找到螳螂虾
Looks like a promising area, Justin.
看起来是个不错的区域 贾斯汀
It looks perfect, Rory.
看起来很完美 罗里
So we're looking for a hole with coral around it.
那么我们来找一个有珊瑚围绕的地方
Hey, look.
嘿 看呀
Is that a mantis shrimp hole?
这是螳螂虾的洞穴吗？
The hole's resident soon appeared.
洞穴的住户很快现身了
It was time for the camera to show what it could do.
是时候让相机展示它的功能了
As the shrimp turns,
这只虾转了个身后
the polarised cameraxa0shows
偏振光相机显示
that its tail has a shimmering fringe invisible in normal light.
它的尾部有一处发光边缘，这是普通光线中看不到的景象
Look at that! That's extraordinary.
看那里！太棒了
Life in polarised light.
偏光中的生命
Now, this is the first time…
现在是我们第一次…
we've been able to do this with this very special camera.
可以用这种非常特殊的相机做到这样
The light on the ocean floor is unpolarised.
海底光是非偏振光
So, in complete reverse to the fiddler crabs,
所以和招潮蟹完全不同
the mantis shrimps use polarisation
螳螂虾是利用偏振光
to stand out against the unpolarised background.
在非偏振光的背景中突出自己
Special pigments polarise the light reflected from parts of their body,
特殊的色素会让反射在它们身体上的光发生偏振
allowing them to signal to deter intruders
以便它们制止入侵者
and attract mates.
吸引配偶
向我们展示了光的世界
这台相机第一次
更别提去理解它了
这是我们才刚意识到的世界
Science has shown us
科学告诉我们
that colour is crucial for survival for many animals.
颜色是许多动物生存的关键
So what happens when their world suddenly changes colour?
那么 当它们的世界突然改变颜色时会发生什么呢？
That happens, of course,every year in some parts of the world.
世界上有些地方，每年都会发生这样的事情
Sometimes, even overnight.
有时候 甚至只需一夜时间
During the making of this series,
在制♥作♥这套纪录片期间
we went to the Cairngorm Mountains in Scotland,
我们在隆冬之际
in the middle of winter,to look for a very special bird.